Table 2 Baseline characteristics of cohort divided by sex (n = 2061)

Age, years

64.2

±11.7

65.6

±10.4

0.004

Adiponectin, μg/mL

4.64

±2.07

3.16

±1.48

<0.001

Uric acid, μmol/L

280.2

±66.3

349.1

±71.5

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

141.7

±26.2

143.5

±20.6

0.094

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

76.5

±10.3

81.7

±10.3

<0.001

BMI, kg/m²

26.4

±4.3

27.2

±3.6

<0.001

Waist circumference, cm

91.0

±11.3

100.1

±10.2

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.89

±1.07

5.57

±1.11

<0.001

Serum HDL, mmol/L

1.72

±0.43

1.42

±0.40

<0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.37

±0.70

1.53

±0.88

<0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

89.6

±17.9

86.6

±14.5

0.187

Albumin-creatinine ratio, mg/mmol

0.36

[0.21–0.73]

0.37

[0.17–0.87]

0.798

Daily smoking, n

210

18.0%

141

15.7%

0.171

Physically active, n

316

27.1%

285

31.8%

0.020

Use of blood pressure lowering drugs, n

383

32.9%

312

34.8%

0.354

Left ventricular mass, g/m²

84.1

±21.5

101.0

±26.7

<0.001

Left atrial size, cm/m²

2.09

±0.30

2.02

±0.28

<0.001

E-wave deceleration time, ms

182.5

±43.8

193.7

±51.2

<0.001

E/A ratio

1.02

±0.34

0.99

±0.35

0.080

Left ventricular ejection fraction, %

72.1

±7.8

68.7

±8.8

0.033

Left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, n

7

0.6%

14

1.6%

0.032

Average e', cm/s

11.28

±2.58

10.97

±2.24

0.005

E/e' ratio

6.88

±2.09

6.50

±1.98

<0.001