Table 3 Transthoracic echocardiogram measurements

LV posterior wall thickness end-diastole (cm)

1.20 ± 0.25 - (77)

1.11 ± 0.22 - (77)

0.03

LV posterior wall thickness end-systole (cm)

1.85 ± 0.38 - (75)

1.64 ± 0.26 - (72)

0.0001

LV mass (g)

217.9 ± 72.7 - (72)

177.9 ± 58.5 - (74)

0.0004

LV mass index (g/m²)

110.9 ± 34.5 - (44)

91.3 ± 26.8 - (71)

0.001

LVEF – Simpson’s (%)

61.8 ± 6.37 - (59)

60.3 ± 5.52 - (66)

0.25

Fractional shortening index (%)

33.5 ± 9.36 - (76)

34.5 ± 10.3 - (74)

0.48

LV internal diameter end-diastole (cm)

4.67 ± 0.70 - (77)

4.40 ± 0.57 - (76)

0.006

LV internal diameter end-systole (cm)

3.09 ± 0.60 - (77)

2.88 ± 0.61 - (76)

0.02

LV end-diastolic volume (mL)

87.8 ± 34.5 - (63)

84.9 ± 30.4 - (67)

0.99

LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)

47.6 ± 16.1 - (21)

57.6 ± 17.3 - (17)

0.90

Diastolic Wall Strain (%)

34.0 ± 12.0 - (75)

32.0 ± 9.0 - (72)

0.23

LV end-systolic volume (mL)

35.3 ± 16.0 - (60)

33.5 ± 12.7 - (68)

0.83

LV end-systolic volume index (ml/m²)

18.8 ± 8.45 - (20)

21.8 ± 7.84 - (17)

0.90

Relative wall thickness (cm)

0.57 ± 0.16 - (23)

0.50 ± 0.08 - (16)

0.97

Left atrial linear dimension (cm)

4.10 ± 0.64 - (76)

3.89 ± 0.60 - (77)

0.03

Mitral peak E velocity (m/s)

1.09 ± 0.28 - (74)

1.01 ± 0.26 - (77)

0.052

Mitral peak A velocity (m/s)

0.89 ± 0.32 - (73)

0.79 ± 0.25 - (75)

0.048

E/A ratio

1.37 ± 0.60 - (72)

1.36 ± 0.48 - (73)

0.68

Ascending aortic root diameter end-diastole (cm

3.08 ± 0.39 - (75)

3.04 ± 0.43 - (72)

0.54

Ascending aortic root diameter end-systole (cm)

3.31 ± 0.37 - (75)

3.29 ± 0.42 - (72)

0.86

Stroke volume (mL)

81.4 ± 24.5 - (28)

77.7 ± 17.1 - (38)

0.82

Stroke volume index (mL/m²)

41.1 ± 13.3 - (27)

40.4 ± 10.5 - (38)

0.74

LV end systolic pressure (mmHg)

131.4 ± 26.7 - (29)

126.9 ± 18.9 - (49)

0.73

Mild Diastolic Dysfunction (%)

24.7

9.1

0.04^*

Moderate Diastolic Dysfunction (%)

71.4

83.1

Severe Diastolic Dysfunction (%)

3.9

7.8