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Table 1 The characteristics of the studies included in the analysis

From: The association between periodontal disease and the risk of myocardial infarction: a pooled analysis of observational studies

Cohort studies

Author, year

Country

Study design

Sample size (M/F)

Population

Years enrolled (Follow-up)

Age (years)

Exposure

OR/RR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusting factors

Joshipura KJ et al., 1996 [21]

USA

Prospective cohort study

44119 male

757 cases

1986-1992 (6)

40-75

PD

1.04 0.86-1.25

NS

Age, BMI, exercise, smoking, alcohol, family history of MI, vitamin E

Howell TH et al., 2001 [22]

USA

Prospective cohort study

2653 male

797 cases

1982-1995 (12.3)

40-84

PD

1.01 0.82-1.24

NS

Age, aspirin, β-carotene treatment, smoking, alcohol, HT, BMI, DM, physical activity, family history of MI

Dorn JM et al., 2010 [23]

USA

Prospective cohort study

884 (668/216)

154 cases

1996-2004 (2.9)

54.5 ± 8.4

CAL

1.48 0.95-2.31

NS

Age, gender, education, DM, EF, HT, physical activity, cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication, BMI, fruit/vegetable intake, CK-MB

Yu YH et al., 2015 [16]

USA

Prospective cohort study

39863 female

642 MI

1992-1995 (15.7)

48.7-60.3

PD

1.39 1.17-1.64

<0.001

Age

Cross-sectional studies

Author, year

Country

Sample size (M/F)

Population

Years enrolled

Age (years)

Exposure

OR/RR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusting factors

Bazile A et al.,2002 [18]

USA

80 (48/32)

50 CHD (20 MI)/30 control

2002

23-83 (median 54)

CAL

1.23 0.29-5.23

0.775

Age, gender

Buhlin K et al., 2002 [19]

Sweden

1577

1577 (27 MI)

1998

41-84

Deep pockets

1.32 0.51–3.38

0.57

NS

Holmlund A et al., 2006 [17]

Sweden

4254 (1866/ 2388)

3352 case/902 control

1976-2000

53 ± 14

Periodontal Bone Loss

2.69 1.12-6.46

0.03

Age, gender, smoking

Senba T et al., 2008 [31]

Japan

6,816 M

(MI = 25)

2004

NS

PD

2.34 1.05-5.23

NS

Age

Senba T et al., 2008 [31]

Japan

23,088 F

(MI = 16)

2004

NS

PD

1.76 0.64-4.88

NS

Age

Sujal M. Parkar et al., 2013 [20]

India

60 (42/18)

30 AMI/30 Control

2013

54.3 ± 11.0 (case); 53.1 ± 10.5 (control)

Community periodontal index

0.224 0.03-1.68

0.15

Age, sex, smoking, alcohol, BMI

Case–control studies

Author, year

Country

Sample size (M/F)

Population

Years enrolled

Age (years)

Exposure

OR/RR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusting factors

Persson GR et al., 2003 [6]

Sweden

160 (138/22)

80AMI/80control

2003

63.4 ± 8.9 (case) 61.9 ± 9.1 (control)

CAL

14.1 5.8-34.4

<0.0001

Smoking

Cueto A et al., 2005 [7]

Spain

149 (89/60)

72AMI/77control

2002

62.5 ± 9.9 (case) 58.5 ± 10.2 (control)

CAL

3.31 1.42–7.71

0.005

Sex, age, smoking, HT, DM, exercise, cholesterol

Andriankaja OM et al., 2006 [8]

USA

1337 (765/572)

537MI/800control

1997-2001

54.6 ± 8.5 (case) 55.0 ± 0.0 (control)

CAL

2.77 1.95-3.94

<0.001

Age, gender, HT, DM, cholesterol, smoking

Andriankaja OM et al., 2007 [9]

USA

782 M

415AMI/367control

1997-2001

54.5 ± 8.5 (case) 56.5 ± 10.2 (control)

CAL

1.34 1.15–1.57

<0.001

Age, BMI, HT, physical activity, cholesterol, DM, smoking

Andriankaja OM et al., 2007 [9]

USA

593 F

120AMI/473Control

1997-2001

55.5 ± 8.7 (case) 54.1 ± 9.8 (control)

CAL

2.08 1.47–2.94

<0.001

Age, BMI, physical activity, HT, cholesterol, DM, smoking

Renvert S et al., 2010 [10]

Sweden

324 (287/370)

165ACS/159control

2002-2007

31-87

PD

10.3 6.1-17.4

NS

NS

Holmlund A et al., 2011 [11]

Sweden

200 (160/40)

100AMI/100control

2011

57.1 ± 5.5 (case) 57.9 ± 5.2 (control)

Pockets depth

4.61 1.52-13.94

0.0069

Age, gender, CRP, HT, smoking, IL6, cholesterol, HDL-c, DM, TG, BMI, education,

Khosravi Samani M et al., 2013 [12]

Iran

123

60AMI/63control

2013

54.97 ± 9.68 (case) 55.89 ± 11.9 (control)

CAL

8.79 2.36-32.66

0.001

Age, DM

Li P et al., 2013 [13]

China

155 (113/42)

103AMI/52control

2013

68 (41-84) (case) 62 (42-78)(control)

CAL

4.89 1.26-18.94

0.02

HT, total cholesterol HDL, BMI, LDL

Willershausen I et al., 2014 [24]

Germany

497 (380/117)

248AMI/249control

2007-2011

62.3 (51-83)

PD

0.879 0.527-1.466

0.622

Gender, age, smoking

Kodovazenitis G, et al., 2014 [14]

Greece

306 (218/88)

204MI/102 control

2007-2009

64.7 ± 12.9 (case) 64.2 ± 10.1 (control)

CAL

2.27 1.22-4.35

0.01

Age, gender, HT, total cholesterol, smoking

Rydén L et al., 2016 [15]

Sweden

1610 (1308/302)

805MI/805control

2010-2014

62.5 ± 8

PD

1.28 1.03-1.60

NS

DM, smoking, education, marital status

  1. BMI body mass index, CAL clinical attachment loss, CI confidence interval, CK-MB, creatine phosphokinase-myocardial band, CRP C-response protein, DM diabetes mellitus, EF ejection fraction, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HT hypertension, MI myocardial infarction, NS not specified, OR odd ratio, PD periodontal disease, RR relative risk, TG triglycerides
  2. If the studies specified the PD exposure parameters, the detailed PD parameters would be displayed in this table. Otherwise, the PD would be considered as exposure factor