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Table 4 Predictors of mortality to all causes of heart failure

From: Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF have different clinical characteristics but similar prognosis: a retrospective cohort study

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Variables

 

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

P value

Gender

Male

0.984 (0.521–1.857)

1.132 (0.463–2.766)

0.785

Age, Years

Age, years

1.046 (1.025–1.068)

1.045 (1.016–1.076)

0.002

NYHA Class

Class IV

1.549 (0.719–3.337)

1.267 (0.527–3.046)

0.597

Anemia

Yes

1.483 (0.818–2.689)

0.708 (0.333–1.504)

0.369

Sodium, mEq/L

 

0.933 (0.896–0.972)

0.913 (0.851–0.980)

0.011

Creatinine, mg/dl

 

2.602 (2.052–3.300)

1.966 (1.369–2.824)

<0.001

AF

Yes

0.486 (0.225–1.051)

0.617 (0.171–2.224)

0.461

VHD

Yes

0.636 (0.342–1.185)

1.420 (0.413–4.886)

0.578

IHD

Yes

2.355 (1.182–4.691)

2.211 (0.397–12.331)

0.365

DCMP

Yes

0.898 (0.352–2.290)

1.068 (0.240–4.743)

0.931

HHD

Yes

1.036 (0.481–2.229)

1.272 (0.338–4.794)

0.722

LVEF

 

0.997 (0.975–1.020)

0.992 (0.958–1.027)

0.634

Diuritics

Yes

0.877 (0.269–2.858)

0.690 (0.180–2.650)

0.589

Spironolactone

Yes

0.388 (0.214–0.703)

0.343 (0.158–0.743)

0.007

ACEI

Yes

0.952 (0.510–1.778)

0.258 (0.098–0.680)

0.006

Beta Blocker

Yes

1.205 (0.659–2.204)

1.713 (0.766–3.832)

0.190

Digoxin

Yes

0.313 (0.132–0.746)

0.407 (0.095–1.736)

0.224

Antiplatelates

Yes

0.883 (0.435–1.793)

1.383 (0.352–5.436)

0.643

Anticoagulants

Yes

1.700 (0.817–3.541)

2.429 (0.845–6.978)

0.099

Statin

Yes

1.520 (0.768–3.010)

0.189 (0.037–0.972)

0.046

CCB

Yes

1.555 (0.720–3.359)

0.815 (0.287–2.317)

0.701

  1. ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, AF atrial fibrillation, CCB calcium channel blocker, DCMP dilated cardiomyopathy, HHD hypertensive heart disease, IHD ischemic heart disease, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, VHD valvular heart disease
  2. Factors included in multivariate Cox model include: Gender, Age, NYHA Class, presence of comorbidities such as anemia and AF, Common etiologies of HF such as VHD, IHD,HHD, and DCMP, Use of medications such as Diuretics, Spironolactone, ACEI, Beta Blocker, Digoxin, Antiplatelates, Anticoagulants, Statin and CCB, and laboratory values such as sodium and creatinine