Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study patients
No VT/VF group (N = 91) | Recurrent VT/VF group (N = 53) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
General demographics | |||
Age (year) | 63 ± 14 | 60 ± 13 | 0.166 |
Male gender | 73 (80.2) | 41 (77.4) | 0.419 |
BMI | 25.5 ± 4.7 | 25.1 ± 3.8 | 0.686 |
Heart disease | |||
Congenital heart | 4 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 0.297 |
CAD | 51 (56.0) | 29 (54.7) | 0.979 |
Treatment in CAD patients | 0.020 | ||
CABG | 5 (9.8) | 10 (34.5) | |
PCI | 41 (80.4) | 18 (62.1) | |
Medical treatment | 5 (9.8) | 1 (3.4) | |
DCM | 16 (17.6) | 11 (20.8) | 0.397 |
HOCM | 4 (4.4) | 2 (1.9) | 0.391 |
Idiopathic VF | 8 (8.8) | 3 (5.7) | 0.370 |
Brugada syndrome | 3 (3.3) | 3 (5.7) | 0.388 |
Long QT syndrome | 4 (4.4) | 3 (3.8) | 0.391 |
Valvular heart disease | 8 (8.8) | 8 (15.1) | 0.187 |
Comorbidity | |||
Hypertension | 52 (57.1) | 26 (49.1) | 0.222 |
Diabetes | 24 (26.4) | 20 (37.7) | 0.108 |
Prior stroke | 10 (11.0) | 7 (13.2) | 0.441 |
Hyperlipidemia | 28 (30.8) | 14 (26.4) | 0.360 |
ESRD | 6 (6.6) | 5 (9.4) | 0.377 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 0.634 | ||
No | 67 (73.6) | 40 (75.5) | |
Paroxysmal | 17 (18.7) | 11 (20.8) | |
Persistent | 7 (7.7) | 2 (3.8) | |
Heart failure | 0.865 | ||
Without heart failure | 29 (31.9) | 16 (30.2) | |
NYHA functional class I | 16 (17.6) | 11 (20.8) | |
NYHA functional class II | 27 (29.7) | 13 (24.5) | |
NYHA functional class III | 14 (15.4) | 8 (15.1) | |
NYHA functional class IV | 5 (5.5) | 5 (9.4) | |
Diastolic function (%) | 0.322 | ||
Normal | 11 (12.9) | 11 (22.9) | |
Stage I | 40 (47.1) | 24 (50.0) | |
Stage II | 14 (31.8) | 8 (22.9) | |
Stage III | 5 (8.2) | 5 (4.2) | |
QRS length (msec) | 115.3 ± 30.7 | 121.8 ± 32.3 | 0.231 |
LBBB | 2 (2.2) | 4 (7.5) | 0.121 |
Medications | |||
ACEI/ARB | 63 (69.2) | 32 (60.4) | 0.184 |
ß-blocker | 59 (64.8) | 28 (52.8) | 0.107 |
Bisoprolol (the average dose) (mg) | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 0.530 |
Carvedilol (the average dose) (mg) | 17.2 ± 10.0 | 9.1 ± 13.1 | 0.651 |
Diuretic | 30 (33.0) | 15 (28.3) | 0.348 |
Statin | 29 (31.9) | 20 (37.7) | 0.473 |
Spironolactone | 11 (12.1) | 11 (20.8) | 0.125 |
Anti-platelet agent | 54 (59.3) | 29 (54.7) | 0.604 |
Warfarin | 12 (13.2) | 9 (17.0) | 0.626 |
NOAC | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0.297 |
Anti-arrhythmic medications | |||
Amiodarone | 62 (68.1) | 33 (62.3) | 0.295 |
The average dose (mg) | 196.8 ± 85.4 | 214.3 ± 103.3 | 0.371 |
Dronedarone | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.532 |
The average dose (mg) | 800 | ||
Quinidine | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.532 |
The average dose (mg) | 600 | ||
Mexiletine | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.532 |
The average dose (mg) | 300 | ||
Sotalol | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
The average dose (mg) | 160 | ||
CRT-D | 1 (1.1) | 3 (5.7) | 0.108 |
ICD chamber | 0.731 | ||
Single | 51 (56.0) | 28 (52.8) | |
Dual | 40 (44.0) | 25 (47.2) | |
Ventricular-dependent pacing | 4 (4.4) | 1 (1.9) | 0.428 |
Hemodynamic condition | 0.590 | ||
Stable | 60 (65.9) | 32 (60.4) | |
Unstable | 31 (34.1) | 21 (39.6) | |
Lowest VT-detection zone (bpm) | 165.9 ± 13.2 | 165.4 ± 10.5 | 0.865 |
Lowest VF-detection zone (bpm) | 209.2 ± 13.5 | 208.2 ± 15.8 | 0.773 |
Post VT ablation (%) | 6 (6.6) | 9 (17.0) | 0.087 |
Success | 3 (50) | 3 (33.3) | 0.518 |
Failure | 3 (50) | 6 (66.7) | |
Combination of VT ablation plus medications (anti-arrhythmics and ß-blocker) | 6 (6.6) | 6 (11.3) | 0.358 |
LV systolic function | |||
LVEF (%) | 49.5 ± 16.7 | 44.6 ± 18.5 | 0.105 |
LVEDV (mL) | 162.0 ± 68.1 | 186.4 ± 84.5 | 0.060 |
LVEDV > 163.5 mL | 36 (40.0) | 33 (62.3) | 0.010 |
LVESV (mL) | 88.2 ± 61.3 | 111.4 ± 81.6 | 0.055 |
1-year CV mortality | 1 (1.1) | 5 (9.4) | 0.028 |
1-year all-cause mortality | 5 (5.5) | 5 (9.4) | 0.499 |
Follow-up time (days) | 1019.5 ± 791.4 | 1266.7 ± 1028.5 | 0.108 |