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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with versus without subclinical atherosclerosis

From: Impact of carotid atherosclerosis detection on physician and patient behavior in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, observational, multicenter study

  

Atherosclerosis Findings via Carotid IMT

Total (N = 797)

Negative (N = 455)

Positive (N = 342)

*P-value

Age (years)

60.0 ± 9.5

57.9 ± 9.2

63.5 ± 9.0

<0.001

Sex (percent male)

395 (49.6)

227 (49.9)

175 (51.2)

0.721

BMI (kg/m2)

25.1 ± 3.1

25.3 ± 3.4

24.9 ± 3.0

0.067

Waist circumference (cm)

87.2 ± 8.2

87.6 ± 8.6

86.7 ± 7.6

0.164

Blood pressure (mmHg)

 Systolic

125.3 ± 14.5

124.5 ± 14.7

126.5 ± 14.2

0.060

 Diastolic

75.3 ± 10.1

75.7 ± 9.6

74.7 ± 10.6

0.170

DM duration (years)

8.1 ± 7.1

7.4 ± 6.7

9.0 ± 7.6

0.002

Medication use [N (%)]

 Antihypertensive drug

345 (43.3)

174 (38.2)

171 (50.0)

0.001

 Statin

337 (42.3)

195 (42.9)

142 (41.5)

0.705

 Antiplatelet agent

328 (41.2)

170 (37.4)

158 (46.2)

0.012

Current smoker (%)

153 (19.2)

81 (17.9)

72 (21.1)

0.253

Glucose (mmol/L)

8.1 ± 2.8

8.0 ± 2.7

8.2 ± 3.0

0.591

HbA1C (mmol/mol)

60 ± 18.6

60 ± 17.5

61 ± 19.7

0.417

Log hs-CRP (mg/L)

−1.2 ± 1.8

−1.4 ± 1.7

−1.0 ± 1.8

0.017

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.4 ± 1.0

4.4 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 1.0

0.710

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 1.1

1.7 ± 1.2

1.7 ± 1.0

0.884

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.6 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 0.8

0.284

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.4

0.594

UKPDS risk engine score

16.8 ± 12.1

13.3 ± 8.7

20.4 ± 13.6

<0.001

UKPDS risk engine (%) (N = 622)

 High

66 (10.6)

15 (4.3)

51 (18.8)

 

 Intermediate

213 (34.2)

101 (28.8)

112 (41.3)

<0.001

 Low

343 (55.2)

235 (67.0)

108 (39.9)

 

Framingham risk score

7.7 ± 6.4

6.2 ± 5.7

9.20 ± 7.1

<0.001

Framingham risk engine (%) (N = 648)

 High

28 (4.3)

6 (1.6)

22 (7.8)

 

 Intermediate

195 (30.1)

88 (24.0)

107 (38.1)

<0.001

 Low

425 (65.6)

273 (74.4)

152 (54.1)

 
  1. IMT intima medial thickness, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, CRP C-reactive protein, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, UKPDS United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
  2. *P-value: comparison of clinical data between patients who were negative versus positive for carotid atherosclerosis according to carotid IMT