Atherosclerosis Findings via Carotid IMT | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 797) | Negative (N = 455) | Positive (N = 342) | *P-value | |
Age (years) | 60.0 ± 9.5 | 57.9 ± 9.2 | 63.5 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
Sex (percent male) | 395 (49.6) | 227 (49.9) | 175 (51.2) | 0.721 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.1 | 25.3 ± 3.4 | 24.9 ± 3.0 | 0.067 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 87.2 ± 8.2 | 87.6 ± 8.6 | 86.7 ± 7.6 | 0.164 |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
Systolic | 125.3 ± 14.5 | 124.5 ± 14.7 | 126.5 ± 14.2 | 0.060 |
Diastolic | 75.3 ± 10.1 | 75.7 ± 9.6 | 74.7 ± 10.6 | 0.170 |
DM duration (years) | 8.1 ± 7.1 | 7.4 ± 6.7 | 9.0 ± 7.6 | 0.002 |
Medication use [N (%)] | ||||
Antihypertensive drug | 345 (43.3) | 174 (38.2) | 171 (50.0) | 0.001 |
Statin | 337 (42.3) | 195 (42.9) | 142 (41.5) | 0.705 |
Antiplatelet agent | 328 (41.2) | 170 (37.4) | 158 (46.2) | 0.012 |
Current smoker (%) | 153 (19.2) | 81 (17.9) | 72 (21.1) | 0.253 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.1 ± 2.8 | 8.0 ± 2.7 | 8.2 ± 3.0 | 0.591 |
HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 60 ± 18.6 | 60 ± 17.5 | 61 ± 19.7 | 0.417 |
Log hs-CRP (mg/L) | −1.2 ± 1.8 | −1.4 ± 1.7 | −1.0 ± 1.8 | 0.017 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 0.710 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.884 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 0.284 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.594 |
UKPDS risk engine score | 16.8 ± 12.1 | 13.3 ± 8.7 | 20.4 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
UKPDS risk engine (%) (N = 622) | ||||
High | 66 (10.6) | 15 (4.3) | 51 (18.8) | |
Intermediate | 213 (34.2) | 101 (28.8) | 112 (41.3) | <0.001 |
Low | 343 (55.2) | 235 (67.0) | 108 (39.9) | |
Framingham risk score | 7.7 ± 6.4 | 6.2 ± 5.7 | 9.20 ± 7.1 | <0.001 |
Framingham risk engine (%) (N = 648) | ||||
High | 28 (4.3) | 6 (1.6) | 22 (7.8) | |
Intermediate | 195 (30.1) | 88 (24.0) | 107 (38.1) | <0.001 |
Low | 425 (65.6) | 273 (74.4) | 152 (54.1) |