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Table 2 Conventional echocardiographic parameters

From: Silent diabetic cardiomyopathy in everyday practice: a clinical and echocardiographic study

 

Control

(N = 80)

Group I(DM)

(N = 70)

Group II (DM+HTA)

(N = 70)

Group III (DM+CAD)

(N = 70)

p

Left ventricular and left atrial geometry and mass

 LV EDD (cm)

5.03 ± 0.42

5.07 ± 0.44

5.14 ± 0.47

5.15 ± 0.56

0.386

 LV ESD (cm)

3.43 ± 0.31#¤

3.53 ± 0.43

3.64 ± 0.43

3.67 ± 0.48

<0.001

 LVM (g)

101.76 ± 11.41*#¤

119.23 ± 20.01

122.80 ± 20.18

119.50 ± 20.01

<0.001

 LVM index (g/m2)

52.91 ± 4.29*#¤

60.70 ± 8.71

60.85 ± 10.28

60.65 ± 12.37

<0.001

 LV RWT

0.40 ± 0.04*#¤

0.43 ± 0.04

0.43 ± 0.05

0.42 ± 0.03

<0.001

 LV concentric remodeling, n (%)

24 (30)*#¤

40 (57)

31 (44)

40 (57)

0.002

 LAV (ml)

23.34 ± 3.75*#¤

30.53 ± 5.86

33.17 ± 7.15

32.18 ± 10.45

<0.001

 Left atrial volume index (ml/m2)

12.22 ± 2.24*#¤

15.61 ± 3.32

16.47 ± 3.77

16.31 ± 5.70

<0.001

Left ventricular systolic function

 LV ejection fraction (%)

61.68 ± 5.49*#¤

56.30 ± 5.64§

53.43 ± 5.73

53.87 ± 7.11

<0.001

 LV fraction of shortening (%)

32.53 ± 3.75*#¤

29.61 ± 3.37§Δ

27.40 ± 3.21

27.71 ± 4.05

<0.001

 MAPSE (mm)

16.43 ± 1.56*#¤

14.93 ± 2.20§Δ

13.83 ± 1.60

13.82 ± 1.65

<0.001

Left ventricular diastolic function

 E/A ratio

1.30 ± 0.25*#¤

1.10 ± 0.32§

0.95 ± 0.25

1.05 ± 0.31

<0.001

 E deceleration time (msec)

161.99 ± 21.80*#¤

196.83 ± 38.93§

206.73 ± 38.86

203.59 ± 34.64

<0.001

 IsoVolumic Relaxation Time (msec)

84.35 ± 29.25*#¤

89.74 ± 12.90§

96.06 ± 9.67

94.07 ± 13.04

<0.001

 Eprim (m/s)

0.1015 ± 0.03*#¤

0.0794 ± 0.03

0.0701 ± 0.03

0.0711 ± 0.04

<0.001

 E/Eprim

7.40 ± 1.42*#¤

10.11 ± 3.27

10.22 ± 3.18

10.36 ± 2.98

<0.001

 S/D ratio

1.37 ± 0.16#¤Δ

1.34 ± 0.21

1.24 ± 0.29

1.23 ± 0.27

<0.001

 Vp (m/s)

0.75 ± 0.16*#¤

0.56 ± 0.13

0.52 ± 0.09

0.52 ± 0.13

<0.001

Systolic and diastolic LV function

 Myocardial Performance Index

0.40 ± 0.05*#¤

0.47 ± 0.07§

0.51 ± 0.08

0.50 ± 0.08

<0.001

  1. LV left ventricle, LV EDD LV end diastolic diameter, LV ESD LV end systolic diameter, LVM LV mass, LVM index LV mass index, LV RWT LV relative wall thickness, LAV left atrial volume, LAVI left atrial volume index, MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic excursion, Eearly mitral inflow wave, A late mitral inflow wave, Eprim early diastolic mitral annular velocity by tissue Doppler imaging, S pulmonary venous flow systolic velocity, D pulmonary venous flow diastolic velocity, Vp mitral flow propagation velocity
  2. *p < 0.05 control vs DM; #p < 0.05 control vs DM+HTA; ¤p < 0.05 control vs DM+CAD
  3. §p < 0.05 DM vs DM+HTA
  4. Δp < 0.05 DM vs DM+CAD
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