Table 5 Gender-, age and heart rate adjusted means (95 % CI) of ECG analysis parameters in healthy controls and dialysis patients

Heart rate (/min)

65.37 (57.50–73.25)

79.89 (71.69–88.10)

78.79 (71.89–85.70)*

SDNN^a (ms)

31.11 (22.53–42.96)

17.03 (12.34–23.49)

17.75 (13.55–23.25)*

pNN50 (%)

6.13 (0–12.57)

5.36 (0–11.78)

2.28 (0–7.67)

VLF^a (s² x10⁻³)

0.57 (0.30–1.08)

0.14 (0.07–0.27)*

0.20 (0.12–0.34)

LF^a (s² x10⁻³)

0.32 (0.13–0.76)

0.08 (0.03–0.19)

0.09 (0.04–0.18)

HF^a (s² x10⁻³)

0.27 (0.14–0.52)

0.10 (0.05–0.20)

0.07 (0.04–0.12)*

LF/HF^a

1.19 (0.65–2.17)

0.76 (0.41–1.38)

1.27 (0.77–2.11)