Association between autonomic nervous dysfunction and cellular inflammation in end-stage renal disease

Table 4 Raw means ± SD of ECG analysis parameters in healthy controls and dialysis patients

	Controls (N = 15)	Diabetic HD (N = 14)	Nondiabetic HD (N = 14)	All HD (N = 28)
Heart rate (/min)	69.0 [12.0]	78.0 [14.0]*	78.5 [28.3]	78.5 [19.5]
SDNN (ms)	34.0 [14.0]	13.0 [14.0]**	18.0 [15.3]**	15.5 [14.8]
pNN50 (%)	3.0 [8.0]	0.5 [1.3]	0.0 [1.3]*	0.0 [1.0]
VLF (s² x10⁻³)	0.72 [0.87]	0.12 [0.21]**	0.20 [0.35]**	0.12 [0.29]
LF (s² x10⁻³)	0.39 [0.29]	0.035 [0.21]**	0.076 [0.20]**	0.052 [0.18]
HF (s² x10⁻³)	0.27 [0.22]	0.08 [0.1]**	0.06 [0.11]**	0.07 [0.09]
LF/HF	1.1 [1.3]	0.8 [1.0]	0.7 [2.2]	0.8 [1.2]

* = p < 0.05 vs. controls; ** = p < 0.01 vs. controls; *** = p < 0.001 vs. controls; by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test. Statistical tests were done for the three groups controls, diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The column “all HD” remained untested

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