Variable | Controls (n = 55) | LVDD (n = 168) | HFpEF (n = 77) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and vital signs | ||||
Age (years) | 54 [48–61] | 66 [58–71] | 73 [68–77] | < 0.001 |
Male | 52.7 % | 56.2 % | 40.3 % | 0.138 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 [24.1-29.1] | 27.8 [25.6- 32.3] | 27.5 [25.7- 32.0] | 0.008 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 98 [86–107] | 102 [94–114] | 102 [98–111] | 0.004 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 98 [94–103] | 103 [96–111] | 105 [98–114] | 0.002 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125 [110–136] | 134 [127–140] | 136 [130–140] | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80 [70–80] | 80 [76–84] | 80 [72–84] | 0.013* |
Heart rate (bpm) | 70 [68–76] | 72 [69–76] | 70 [65–76] | 0.195 |
Medical history | ||||
Hypertension | 69 % | 88 % | 96 % | < 0.001 |
T2DM | 12.7 % | 42.6 % | 53.2 % | < 0.001 |
CAD | 38.2 % | 58.6 % | 63.6 % | 0.023 |
CABG | 1.8 % | 3.0 % | 11.7 % | 0.001 |
PCI | 5.5 % | 16.1 % | 13.2 % | 0.155 |
Myocardial infarction | 14.5 % | 21.3 % | 22.1 % | 0.572 |
Medications | ||||
Beta-blocker | 50.9 % | 60.9 % | 74.0 % | 0.041 |
ACE inhibitor | 47.3 % | 65.1 % | 54.5 % | < 0.001 |
ARB | 10.9 % | 10.1 % | 29.9 % | 0.044 |
Diuretics | 14.5 % | 26.6 % | 46.8 % | < 0.001 |
Aspirin | 52.7 % | 75 % | 76.6 % | 0.007 |
Calcium blockers | 10.9 % | 13.6 % | 27.3 % | 0.024 |
Biomarkers | ||||
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 [0.7-0.9] | 0.9 [0.7-0.9] | 0.90 [0.75- 1.10] | 0.060 |
Hba1c (%) | 5.7 [5.4-5.9] | 6.0 [5.7- 6.6] | 6.1 [5.7-6.7] | < 0.001 |
sST2 (ng/ml) | 13.50 [9.2-20.6] | 16.20 [12.35- 21.65] | 16.9 [12.2- 25.9] | 0.007 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 90.10 [45.8-129.2] | 86.85 [43.7-173.4] | 343.6 [151.7-703.4] | < 0.001 |