Table 1 Summary of Quality Assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale): Non randomised studies
Study | Selection | Comparability of cohortsa | Outcome | Evidence qualityb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Exposed cohort representative | Non exposed cohort selection | Exposure ascertainment | Outcome not present at start | Assessment | Follow-up length | Follow up adequacy | ||
Workforce | |||||||||
 Zuily, 2010 [15] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 Boom, 2012 [13] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 NICOR, 2012 [12] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 Comin-Colet, 2014 [16] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | -- | -- | High |
Primary care | |||||||||
 Lee, 2010 [18] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 Rosstad, 2013 [17] | * | * | * | * | -- | -- | -- | -- | Low |
In-hospital studies | |||||||||
 Williams, 2010 [21] | * | * | * | * | -- | * | * | * | Low |
 Tuso, 2014 [22] | * | * | * | * | -- | * | * | * | Low |
In-hospital clinical audits/registries/quality improvement initiatives | |||||||||
 Boutwell, 2011 [33] | * | * | * | * | -- | NA | NA | NA | Low |
 Heidenreich 2012 [26] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 Hansen, 2013 [32] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | Moderate |
 H2H National Quality Improvement Initiative, 2015 (H2H program) [34] | * | * | * | * | -- | NA | NA | NA | Low |
Transitional care | |||||||||
 Driscoll, 2011 [45] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
Outpatient clinics | |||||||||
 Fonarow, 2011 [51] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 Hernandez, 2010 [49] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |
 Fenner, 2014 [50] | * | * | * | * | -- | - | * | * | Low |
Telemonitoring programs | |||||||||
 Piette, 2008 [60] | * | * | * | * | -- | - | * | * | Low |
 Baker, 2013 [61] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | High |