Table 2 Health utilities and costs for base-case value and ranges in decision analytic model
Variable | Base-Case | Range | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Quality of life | ||||
 Mean utility score | ||||
  Aspirin alone | 0 · 998 | 0 · 994 | 1 · 0 | [10] |
  Clopidogrel plus aspirin | 0 · 998 | 0 · 994 | 1 · 0 | Assumed equal to Aspirin |
  Warfarin | 0 · 987 | 0 · 953 | 1 · 0 | [10] |
  Dabigatran | 0 · 994 | 0 · 975 | 1 · 0 | |
  Apixaban | 0 · 994 | 0 · 975 | 1 · 0 | Assumed equal to Dabigatran |
  Rivaroxaban | 0 · 994 | 0 · 975 | 1 · 0 | Assumed equal to Dabigatran |
  LAA | 0 · 998 | 0 · 994 | 1 · 0 | Assumed equal to Aspirin |
 Stroke | ||||
  Mild neurologic sequelae | 0 · 75 | 0 · 75 | 1 · 0 | [10] |
 Moderate to severe neurologic | ||||
  sequelae | 0 · 39 | 0 · 39 | 1 · 0 | [10] |
  Myocardial infarction | 0 · 84 | 0 · 84 | 1 · 0 | [23] |
 Hemorrhage | ||||
  Minor hemorrhage | 0 · 8 | 0 · 5 | 0 · 99 | |
  Major hemorrhage | 0 · 8 | 0 · 5 | 0 · 99 | |
Cost, US$ | ||||
 Annual cost of medication or device | ||||
  Aspirin alone | 10 · 0 | 5 · 0 | 15 · 0 | [10] |
  Clopidogrel plus aspirin | 1,857 · 0 | 365 · 0 | 2,785.5 | [10] |
  Warfarin | 180 · 0 | 60 · 0 | 270 · 0 | [10] |
  Dabigatran | 3,240 · 0 | 2,500 · 0 | 4,860 | [10] |
  Apixaban | 3,920 · 1 | 1960 · 1 | 5,880 · 2 | [25] |
  Rivaroxaban | 2,660 · 9 | 1,330 · 4 | 3,991 · 3 | [25] |
  LAA | 22,500 | 20,384 | 24,614 | [26], Assumption |
  Cost of INR + minimal established patient visit | 26 · 0 | 10 · 0 | 39.0 | [10] |
 Short term cost of neurological event | ||||
  Moderate to severe ischemic neurological event | 14,680 · 0 | 6,000 · 0 | 25,000 · 0 | [10] |
  Minor ischemic neurological event | 9,200 · 0 | 3,500 · 0 | 15,000 · 0 | [10] |
  TIA | 7,500 · 0 | 3,000 · 0 | 12,000 · 0 | [10] |
ICH | 38,500 · 0 | 15,000 · 0 | 60,000 · 0 | [10] |
 Long term cost of neurological event | ||||
  Moderate to severe ischemic neurological event | 5,400 · 0 | 2,000 · 0 | 8,000 · 0 | [10] |
  Minor ischemic neurological event | 2,470 · 0 | 1,000 · 0 | 4,000v0 | [10] |
  TIA | 5,700 · 0 | 2,000 · 0 | 9,000 · 0 | [10] |
  ICH | 7,200 · 0 | 3,000 · 0 | 12,000 · 0 | [10] |
 Other costs, US$ | [10] | |||
  Transesophageal echocardiogram | 334.0 | 167.0 | 501.0 | [27] |
  Major bleeding without residua | 4,400 · 0 | 1,500 · 0 | 6,000 · 0 | [10] |
  Minor bleeding | 69 · 0 | 34 · 5 | 200 · 0 | [10] |
  Cost of non-stroke, non-hemorrhage death | 10,000 · 0 | 5,000 · 0 | 20,000 · 0 | [10] |
  MI | 17,000 · 0 | 5,000 · 0 | 50,000 · 0 | [10] |
  Hospitalization for stroke | 80,964 · 0 | 40,482 · 0 | 121,446 · 0 | Assumption |
  Hospitalization for pericardial effusions | 73,770 · 0 | 36,885 · 0 | 110,655 · 0 | Assumption |