Ischemic aetiology, self-reported frailty, and gender with respect to cognitive impairment in chronic heart failure patients

Table 4 Multivariable regression model considering all significative variables (enter)

	Clinical variables Model 1		Psychosocial variables Model 2		Clinical and functional Model 3
	OR (95 % CI)	p value	OR (95 % CI)	p value	OR (95 % CI)	p value
Gender (women)	2.98 (1.85–4.82)	<0.001			2.77 (1.75–4.39)	<0.001
Ischemic aetiology	1.90 (1.16–3.08)	0.010			1.99 (1.25–3.17)	0.004
Cerebrovascular disease	1.76 (0.94–3.30)	0.079
Peripheral Arterial disease	1.57 (0.91–2.73)	0.105
DM	1.15 (0.74–1.79)	0.545
Heart rate >70	1.44 (0.91–2.27)	0.118
Albumin > 3.5	0.56 (0.33–0.95)	0.030			0.59 (0.351–0.99)	0.048
eGFR	1.01 (0.64–1.58	0.965
Nt-ProBNP	1.00 (0.63–1.59)	0.990
Betablockers	0.33 (0.16–0.69)	0.003			0.36 (0.17–0.76)	0.007
Social support			0.83 (0.36–1.94)	0.668
Frailty			1.58 (1.02–2.46)	0.040	1.58 (0.99–2.50)	0.050
Family dysfunction			1.02 (0.52–1.99)	0.964
Depressive symptoms			1.72 (0.82–3.63)	0.156
Dependency			1.65 (1.08–0.53)	0.020	1.30 (0.83–2.05)	0.255

Cognitive impairment defined by MMSE age and education corrected scores
DM: Diabetis Mellitus. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Nt-proBNP: N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide. Social support measured by The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ); lack of social support scores < 32. Frailty when Barber questionnaire above 2 (see text). Family dysfunction when APGAR index < 7. Depressive symptoms measured by Yesavage test >5. Dependency in daily living activities measured by Barthel test <90. MMSE age and education corrected scores. OR: odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test: Model 1 p = 0.411; Model 2p = 0.766; Model 3:p = 0.713. Nagelkerke R Square: Model 1:R² = 0.154; Model 2: R² = 0.052; Model 3: R² = 0.150

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