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Table 2 Effect of low-dose ASA and clopidogrel on the risk of hemorrhagic stroke

From: Risk of bleeding after hospitalization for a serious coronary event: a retrospective cohort study with nested case-control analyses

 

Cases

(n = 70)

n (%)

Controls

(n = 1,000)

n (%)

Odds ratioa

(95 % CI)

P value

ASA

 Non-use

20 (28.6)

164 (16.4)

1 (−)

 

 Current use

44 (62.9)

753 (75.3)

0.88 (0.42–1.85)

0.74

  Duration

    < 1 month

3 (4.3)

29 (2.9)

0.77 (0.11–5.56)

0.80

   1–12 months

16 (22.9)

201 (20.1)

0.71 (0.26–1.96)

0.51

    ≥ 1 year

25 (35.7)

523 (52.3)

1.15 (0.50–2.66)

0.74

  Dose

   75 mg/day

39 (55.7)

672 (67.2)

0.88 (0.41–1.86)

0.74

   150 mg/day

1 (1.4)

70 (7.0)

0.19 (0.02–1.66)

0.13

   300 mg/day

4 (5.7)

11 (1.1)

8.23 (1.77–38.26)

0.01

 Recent use

2 (2.9)

44 (4.4)

0.51 (0.10–2.69)

0.43

 Past use

4 (5.7)

39 (3.9)

1.02 (0.30–3.47)

0.98

Clopidogrel

 Non-use

50 (71.4)

757 (75.7)

1 (−)

 

 Current use

16 (22.9)

168 (16.8)

1.49 (0.70–3.17)

0.30

  Duration

    < 1 month

3 (4.3)

18 (1.8)

2.09 (0.32–13.67)

0.44

   1–12 months

7 (10.0)

75 (7.5)

0.99 (0.35–2.78)

0.98

    ≥ 1 year

6 (8.6)

75 (7.5)

2.42 (0.81–7.22)

0.11

  Dose

   75 mg/day

16 (22.9)

156 (15.6)

1.61 (0.75–3.45)

0.22

    ≥ 150 mg/day

0 (0.0)

12 (1.2)

  

 Recent use

3 (4.3)

19 (1.9)

1.34 (0.33–5.49)

0.68

 Past use

1 (1.4)

56 (5.6)

0.22 (0.03–1.78)

0.16

Dual antiplatelet therapy

 Non-use of both ASA and clopidogrel

13 (18.6)

96 (9.6)

1 (−)

 

 Current use of both ASA and clopidogrel

7 (10.0)

91 (9.1)

1.20 (0.33–4.33)

0.78

 Current ASA use and non-current clopidogrel use

37 (52.9)

662 (66.2)

1.04 (0.43–2.55)

0.93

 Current clopidogrel use and non-current ASA use

9 (12.9)

77 (7.7)

2.20 (0.72–6.71)

0.17

  1. ASA acetylsalicylic acid, CI confidence interval, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PCP primary care physician, PPI proton pump inhibitor
  2. aAdjusted according to age, sex, calendar year, length of follow-up, health services utilization (PCP visits, referrals and hospitalizations), smoking, type of coronary event, history of peptic ulcer disease, and use of PPIs, ASA, clopidogrel, NSAIDs and warfarin