Table 1 Demographics and laboratory values in the three phenotypes

Number of subjects

109

139

222

Age (years)

46 (37–53)

46 (38–57)

47 (38–55)

0.216

Female (%)

80

58*

32*†

<0.001

BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg (%) in the laboratory

34

42*

51*†

0.009

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.1 (21.6–25.6)

26.5 (24.1–29.3)*

27.4 (24.8–30.6)*

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

 Female

79 (73–87)

86 (79–97)*

88 (82–99)*

<0.001

 Male

85 (80–92)

98 (91–99)*

100 (94–107)*

<0.001

Smoking (no/present/previous)

66/16/27

90/14/35

121/23/78

0.090

Office systolic BP (mmHg)

134 (119–148)

139 (123–152)

141 (123–157)*

0.007

Office diastolic BP (mmHg)

84 (75–91)

90 (81–98)*

91 (82–99)*

<0.001

Haematocrit

0.40 (0.39–0.42)

0.42 (0.39–0.44)*

0.43 (0.41–0.45)*†

<0.001

Creatinine (μmol/l)

66 (59–74)

70 (64–80)*

76 (69–84)*†

<0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

89 (80–97)

88 (79–97)

89 (78–99)

0.631

Total Cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.80 (4.20–5.50)

5.20 (4.60–5.80)*

5.20 (4.4–5.8)*

0.018

LDL Cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.45 (2.10–3.18)

3.00 (2.40–3.60)*

3.10 (2.30–3.70)*

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l

1.78 (1.49–2.13)

1.54 (1.23–1.84)*

1.43 (1.17–1.71)*

<0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.92 (0.61–1.16)

1.08 (0.82–1.43)*

1.11 (0.76–1.67)*†

<0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)

5.2 (4.9–5.4)

5.4 (5.1–5.7)*

5.5 (5.1–5.8)*

<0.001