Table 6 Risk of heart failure or hospitalization for heart failure among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists treatment
Comparison | Number of studies (Events or cases, patients) | GLP-1 agonists (events/patients) | Control (events/patients) | Effect Estimate (95%CI) | Cardiovascular morbidities at baseline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Heart failure | |||||
 Randomized controlled trials | |||||
  GLP-1 agonists vs. control | 20 (36, 11758) | 17/7441 | 19/4317 | Pooled OR 0.62 (0.31 to 1.22) | Typically without CVD at baseline |
 Cohort studies | |||||
  GLP-1 agonists vs. SU | 1 (528, 13185) | NR | NR | Adjusted HR 1.10 (0.99 to 1.22) | No history of CVD or congestive heart failure at baseline |
  Exenatide vs. insulin Exenatide + insulin vs. insulin | 1 (2338, 39225) | 49/2804 195/7870 | 2094/28551 2094/28551 | Adjusted HR 0.34 (0.22, 0.52) Adjusted HR 0.40 (0.32, 0.50) | With or without CVD at baseline |
  Exenatide vs. basal insulin | 1 (2, 882) | 0/444 | 2/438 | Unadjusted OR 0.13 (0.01 to 2.13) | NR |
2. Hospitalization for heart failure | |||||
 Randomized controlled trials | |||||
  Lixisenatide vs. placebo | 1 (249, 6068) | 122/3034 | 127/3034 | Pooled Adjusted HR 0.96 (0.75, 1.23) | Acute coronary syndrome |
 Nested case–control studies | |||||
  GLP-1 agonists vs. other OADs | 1 (1118, 18744) |  |  | Adjusted OR 0.67 (0.32 to 1.42) | With or without CVD at baseline |