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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Troponin I levels in permanent atrial fibrillation—impact of rate control and exercise testing

Variable

N = 60

Age, years

71 ± 9

Gender, female/male

18/42

BMI, kg/m2

27 ± 4

Duration of permanent atrial fibrillation, months

11 (2–121)

CHA2DS2-VASc score

2.3 ± 1.5

Hypertension

25 (42 %)

Stroke or transient ischemic attack

7 (12 %)

Diabetes Mellitus

3 (5 %)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

3 (5 %)

Current cigarette smoking

3 (5 %)

Alcohol intake, units/week

3.5 (0–35)

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

141 ± 18

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

91 ± 10

Heart rate at rest, beats per minute

95 ± 15

Left atrial diameter, long-axis view, mm

50.4 ± 6.6

Left ventricular ejection fraction, %

61.4 ± 7.5

Forced expiratory volume in one second, Liter

2.75 ± 0.83

Forced expiratory volume in one second, % predicted

94.6 ± 16.8

Diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, % predicted

87.3 ± 17.3

Hemoglobin, g/dl

14.6 ± 1.2

Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min

77.1 ± 17.6

NT-proBNP, pg/mL

1039 ± 636

Medication

 

Warfarin

56 (93 %)

Aspirin

4 (7 %)

Angiotensin receptor blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

22 (37 %)

Diuretics

9 (15 %)

Statins

12 (20 %)

Rate controlling medication at study entry, before wash-out period

 

Metoprolol

34 (57 %)

Carvedilol

2 (3 %)

Verapamil

11 (18 %)

Diltiazem

1 (2 %)

Digitoxin

8 (13 %)

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median (range) or frequencies (%). Glomerular filtration rate is estimated from creatinine level, age and gender. Abbreviations: CHA2DS2-VASc score is a measure of stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, with scores ranging from 0 to 9 and higher scores indicating greater risk; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
  2. SD standard deviation