From: Troponin I levels in permanent atrial fibrillation—impact of rate control and exercise testing
Variable | N = 60 |
---|---|
Age, years | 71 ± 9 |
Gender, female/male | 18/42 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 |
Duration of permanent atrial fibrillation, months | 11 (2–121) |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.3 ± 1.5 |
Hypertension | 25 (42 %) |
Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 7 (12 %) |
Diabetes Mellitus | 3 (5 %) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (5 %) |
Current cigarette smoking | 3 (5 %) |
Alcohol intake, units/week | 3.5 (0–35) |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 141 ± 18 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 91 ± 10 |
Heart rate at rest, beats per minute | 95 ± 15 |
Left atrial diameter, long-axis view, mm | 50.4 ± 6.6 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 61.4 ± 7.5 |
Forced expiratory volume in one second, Liter | 2.75 ± 0.83 |
Forced expiratory volume in one second, % predicted | 94.6 ± 16.8 |
Diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, % predicted | 87.3 ± 17.3 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | 14.6 ± 1.2 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min | 77.1 ± 17.6 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1039 ± 636 |
Medication | |
Warfarin | 56 (93 %) |
Aspirin | 4 (7 %) |
Angiotensin receptor blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 22 (37 %) |
Diuretics | 9 (15 %) |
Statins | 12 (20 %) |
Rate controlling medication at study entry, before wash-out period | |
Metoprolol | 34 (57 %) |
Carvedilol | 2 (3 %) |
Verapamil | 11 (18 %) |
Diltiazem | 1 (2 %) |
Digitoxin | 8 (13 %) |