Table 2 Characteristics of study participants by ABI categories
From: Peripheral artery disease and exertional leg symptoms in diabetes patients in Ghana
PAD | Normal | Stiff Artery | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(ABI < 0.9) | (ABI = 0.9-1.3) | (ABI > 1.3) | ||
n (%) | 213 (26.7) | 536 (67.3) | 48 (6) | |
Age, yrs | 54.1 ± 10.9 | 54.4 ± 10.4 | 56.2 ± 10.5 | 0.441 |
Gender (M/F) | 87/126 | 262/274 | 20/28 | 0.111 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 148 (18.6) | 295 (37) | 33 (4.1) | 0.001 |
Duration, yrs | 7.5 ± 6.8 | 6.7 ± 5.5 | 8.4 ± 9.1 | 0.168 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 142 (18.1) | 217 (27.7) | 23 (2.9) | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.9 ± 8.7 | 27.7 ± 7.7 | 26.6 ± 5.2 | 0.099 |
Height, cm | 161 ± 12 | 163 ± 11 | 165 ± 7 | 0.021 |
Waist girth, cm | 94 ± 14 | 94 ± 27 | 91 ± 15 | 0.651 |
Waist-hip ratio | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.93 ± 0.25 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.748 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 137 ± 24 | 134 ± 27 | 136 ± 22 | 0.387 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 82 ± 13 | 79 ± 13 | 82 ± 18 | 0.04 |
Pulse BP, mmHg | 55 ± 16 | 55 ± 20 | 55 ± 16 | 0.874 |
Mean BP, mmHg | 100 ± 16 | 98 ± 15 | 98 ± 13 | 0.182 |
Heart rate, bpm | 82 ± 14 | 79 ± 13 | 82 ± 18 | 0.013 |
Smoking, n (%) | ||||
Current | 8 ( 1) | 29 (3.6) | 0 | 0.727 |
Former | 38 (4.8) | 99 (12.4) | 8 (1) | 0.941 |
Never | 167(21) | 408(51.2) | 40(5) | 0.196 |
Second-hand smoking | 37 (4.6) | 77 (9.4) | 6 (0.8) | 0.176 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 45 (6.1) | 157 (21.4) | 6 (0.8) | 0.108 |
Leg symptoms | 0.147 | |||
No exertional pain | 168 (20.6) | 450 (55.2) | 37 (4.5) | |
Classic IC | 26 (3.3) | 51 (6.4) | 5 (0.6) | |
Atypical exertional pain | 7 (0.9) | 9 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
Pain at rest | 16 (2) | 38 (4.7) | 7 (0.8) |