Table 1 Overview of publications, all RCTs

Bekiroglu [18]^a

2013

M

30

57

100

90

28

1×/day

Turkish Classical

C

30

57

100

90

Resting Period

Modesti [2]

2010

M

26

62

100

77

180

1×/day

Classical, Celtic, Indian

C

29

55

100

73

Music Guided Slow-Breathing (Buteyko-Pranayama)

Zanini [19]^a

2009

M

23

30

100

100

84

1×/week

Recreation, Improvisation, Composition, Listening of music^b

C

22

55

100

100

No Intervention (Standard Medical Therapy)

Chan [20]^a

2009

M

23

44

61

-

28

1×/day-1×/week

Western-, Chinese-, Asian Classical, Western Jazz

C

24

46

67

-

Resting Period

Tang [25]

2009

M

22

18

59

32

84

3×/week

Mozart

C

19

11

68

42

Audio Relaxation Program Training (Revitalizer II)

Altena [24]

2009

M

15

53

100

100

63

Preferably daily

Slow Music

C

15

47

100

100

Resperate® (Device Guided Breathing Exercises)

Pandic [22]

2008

M

22

18

100

77

112

3×/week

Relaxing Music

C

31

32

100

77

Resperate® (Device Guided Breathing Exercises)

Logtenberg [23]

2007

M

15

67

100

100

56

1×/day

Various Kinds of Music

C

15

20

100

100

Resperate® (Device Guided Breathing Exercises)

Schein [21]

2001

M

29

39

100

76

56

1×/day

Quiet Synthesized Music with Non-Identifiable Rhythm

C

32

56

100

91

Breathe with Interactive Music (BIM) Device

Grossman [26]

2001

M

15

67

100

53

56

1×/day

Quiet Synthesized Music with Non-Identifiable Rhythm

C

18

72

100

56

Breathe with Interactive Music (BIM) Device