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Table 2 Changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged men with stable physical activity level during a 25-year observation (n = 62)

From: Regular physical activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in prevention of atherosclerosis in men: a 25-year prospective cohort study

 

Stable physical activity level during the 25-year observation

Low/moderate (<2050 kcal/week)

High (2050-3840 kcal/week)

Very high (>3840 kcal/week)

n=26

n=21

n=15

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Age, years

37.5±7.5

61.3±9.0***

35.3±6.6

58.8±8.8***

35.8±8.1

58.8±8.1***

Current smokers, n

2

1

0

0

0

2

Body mass index, kg/m2

24.72±2.61

26.9±2.7

24.60±3.09

25.0±3.2

23.73±2.17

24.2±3.0

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

119.8±8.9

132.2±14.7**

114.76±8.44

124.0±11.1**

118.93±12.59

125.4±14.9**

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

79.6±6.6

82.2±6.2

75.24±7.82

79.7±6.1

77.14±8.93

76.8±7.3

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.21±1.02

5.65±1.08*

4.83±0.45

5.48±0.85*

4.90±0.79

5.48±0.87*

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.30±1.04

3.61±1.06*

2.91±0.50

3.37±0.71

3.00±0.28

3.28±0.69a

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.27±0.58

1.32±0.49

1.16±0.35

1.16±0.57

1.29±0.55

1.02±0.41a

HDL-C mmol/L

1.27±0.63

1.41±0.39

1.36±0.27

1.36±0.40

1.37±0.40

1.81±0.45*a

Glucose, mmol/L

4.07±1.07

5.25±1.08**

4.14±0.26

4.84±0.48*

4.11±0.61

4.73±0.33*a

Energy expenditure, kcal/week

1077.3±619.3

1029.3±225.3b

2919.3±651.3

2703.81±449.2c

7383.33±3761.44

4800.88±949.2**

PWC/kg, (W/kg)

2.14±0.5

1.58±0.4**

2.55±0.79

1.99±0.4*

3.18±0.4

2.59±0.5*

  1. Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 (baseline vs follow-up within the same LTPA category); a p<0.05 (low-to-moderate vs very high LTPA group at follow-up); b p<0.001 (low-to-moderate vs very high LTPA group at follow-up) c p<0.01 (high vs very high LTPA group at follow-up)
  2. Abbreviations: LDL-C low density lipoproteins, HDL-C high density lipoproteins, PWC physical working capacity