Statin use associated with a reduced risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in patients with myocardial infarction: a nested case-control study

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of patients unexposed to statin pretreatment

	Controls		Cases		Crude OR		Adjusted^a OR
	N	(%)	N	(%)	(95 % CI)	P	(95 % CI)	P
Sample size	6,321	(100.0)	1,313	(100.0)	-		-	-
Statin Measurement
Any statin ≤ 365 d
Non-user	2,130	(33.7)	520	(39.6)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
User	4,191	(66.3)	793	(60.4)	0.75 (0.65–0.87)	<0.001	0.76 (0.64–0.90)	0.001
By recency
Non-user	2,130	(33.7)	520	(39.6)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
≤ 90 d (current)	2,683	(42.4)	403	(30.7)	0.60 (0.51–0.71)	<0.001	0.65 (0.54–0.79)	<0.001
91–180 d (recent)	376	(5.9)	110	(8.4)	1.16 (0.88–1.52)	0.290	1.20 (0.88–1.64)	0.240
> 180 d (former)	1,132	(17.9)	280	(21.3)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	0.770	0.84 (0.68–1.05)	0.130
By DDD₉₀
Non-user	2,130	(33.7)	520	(39.6)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
≤ 0.5 DDD₉₀	757	(12.0)	178	(13.6)	0.99 (0.80–1.22)	0.900	0.99 (0.78–1.27)	0.960
0.5–1 DDD₉₀	1,574	(24.9)	233	(17.7)	0.61 (0.51–0.73)	<0.001	0.73 (0.59–0.89)	0.002
> 1 DDD₉₀	728	(11.5)	102	(7.8)	0.55 (0.43–0.69)	<0.001	0.65 (0.50–0.85)	0.001

ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockade, CHADS ₂ congestive heart failure, hypertension, age > 75 years, diabetes, previous stroke, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DDD defined daily dose, DDD ₉₀ average defined daily dose within 90 days, OR odds ratio, PPI proton pump inhibitor, Ref reference group, SD standard deviation
^a Adjusted for CHASD₂ score, medical conditions (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic heart failure, stroke, COPD, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, Parkinson disease, and dementia) and medication use (antineoplastic drug, PPI, ACEI/ARB, antiviral drug, immunosuppressants, immunostimulants, nitrate, antiplatelet and influenza or pneumococcal vaccine)

ISSN: 1471-2261