Statin use associated with a reduced risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in patients with myocardial infarction: a nested case-control study

Table 2 Association between statin use and the risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization

	Controls		Cases		Crude OR		Adjusted^a OR
	N	(%)	N	(%)	(95 % CI)	P	(95 % CI)	P
Sample size	10,726	(100.0)	2,686	(100.0)	-		-
Statin measurement
Any statin ≤ 365 d
Non-user	3,041	(28.4)	835	(31.1)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
User	7,685	(71.6)	1,851	(68.9)	0.87 (0.78–0.95)	0.003	0.85 (0.77–0.95)	0.004
By recency
Non-user	3,041	(28.4)	835	(31.1)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
≤ 90 d (current)	4,778	(44.5)	963	(35.9)	0.72 (0.64–0.80)	<0.001	0.75 (0.67–0.85)	<0.001
91–180 d (recent)	697	(6.5)	229	(8.5)	1.17 (0.98–1.39)	0.080	1.06 (0.87–1.28)	0.570
>180 d (former)	2,210	(20.6)	659	(24.5)	1.08 (0.96–1.23)	0.190	0.98 (0.86–1.12)	0.810
By DDD₉₀
Non-user	3,041	(28.4)	835	(31.1)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
≤ 0.5 DDD₉₀	1,278	(11.9)	388	(14.4)	1.05 (0.92–1.19)	0.510	0.98 (0.85–1.13)	0.760
0.5-1 DDD₉₀	2,808	(26.2)	539	(20.1)	0.66 (0.59–0.74)	<0.001	0.75 (0.66–0.84)	<0.001
> 1 DDD₉₀	1,389	(12.9)	265	(9.9)	0.66 (0.57–0.76)	<0.001	0.74 (0.63–0.87)	0.002

ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockade, CHADS ₂ congestive heart failure, hypertension, age > 75 years, diabetes, previous stroke, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DDD defined daily dose, DDD ₉₀ average defined daily dose within 90 days, OR odds ratio, PPI proton pump inhibitor, Ref reference group, SD standard deviation
^a Adjusted for CHASD₂ score, medical conditions (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic heart failure, stroke, COPD, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, Parkinson disease, and dementia) and medication use (antineoplastic drug, PPI, ACEI/ARB, antiviral drug, immunosuppressants, immunostimulants, nitrate, antiplatelet and influenza or pneumococcal vaccine)

ISSN: 1471-2261