Earlobe crease | Absence (n = 3829) | Presence (n = 806) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Men (%) | 1708 (44.6) | 455 (56.5) | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 56.3 ± 10.3 | 63.2 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.94 ± 4.53 | 27.38 ± 4.85 | <0.001 |
BMI categories (%) | |||
 Normal | 1749 (46.2) | 255 (32.2) |  |
 Overweight | 1448 (38.2) | 349 (44.1) | <0.001 |
 Obese | 592 (15.6) | 187 (23.6) |  |
Abdominal obesity (%) | 1382 (36.3) | 362 (45.2) | <0.001 |
Smoking status (%) | |||
 Never | 1619 (42.3) | 300 (37.2) |  |
 Former | 1358 (35.5) | 347 (45.1) | <0.001 |
 Current | 852 (22.2) | 159 (19.7) |  |
Blood pressure status | Â | Â | Â |
 SBP (mm Hg) | 125 ± 17 | 131 ± 19 | <0.001 |
 DBP (mm Hg) | 78 ± 11 | 79 ± 11 | <0.001 |
 Hypertension (%) | 1409 (36.9) | 475 (58.9) | <0.001 |
Lipids (mmol/L) | |||
 Total cholesterol | 5.70 ± 1.03 | 5.68 ± 1.10 | 0.66 |
 LDL cholesterol | 3.45 ± 0.92 | 3.44 ± 0.98 | 0.88 |
 HDL cholesterol | 1.65 ± 0.47 | 1.59 ± 0.47 | <0.001 |
 Triglycerides | 1.34 ± 0.90 | 1.47 ± 0.91 | <0.001* |
Glycaemic status | |||
 Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.83 ± 1.06 | 6.20 ± 1.59 | <0.001 |
 Insulin (μIU/mL) | 8.06 ± 6.82 | 9.75 ± 7.74 | <0.001* |
 Diabetes (%) | 343 (9.0) | 147 (18.3) | <0.001 |
 HOMA-IR | 2.21 ± 2.48 | 2.86 ± 2.65 | <0.001 |
 High HOMA-IR (%) | 925 (24.2) | 277 (34.4) | <0.001 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 1070 (28.2) | 337 (42.1) | <0.001 |