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Table 2 PSM-adjusted follow-up (short and long-term) healthcare utilization for hyperlipidemic patients with and without new CV events, categorized by CVD risk level

From: Clinical and economic burden associated with cardiovascular events among patients with hyperlipidemia: a retrospective cohort study

 

History of CV event cohort

 

Modified CHD RE cohort

 

Moderate risk cohort

 

Low risk cohort

 
 

Without CV events

With CV events

Without CV events

With CV events

Without CV events

With CV events

Without CV events

With CV events

(N = 10741)

(N = 10741)

(N = 90614)

(N = 90614)

(N = 7938)

(N = 7938)

(N = 12527)

(N = 12527)

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

P-valuea

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

P-valuea

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

P-valuea

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

N/Mean [%]/(SD)

P-valuea

All-cause healthcare utilization 1 month (acute phase) post-index date

 Number of continuous enrollment patients

10577[98.5 %]

10282[95.7 %]

<0.0001

89539[98.8 %]

88196[97.3 %]

<0.0001

7845[98.8 %]

7727[97.3 %]

<0.0001

12428[99.2 %]

12317[98.3 %]

<0.0001

 Inpatient LOS (days)

0.25(1.94)

6.43(6.94)

<0.0001

0.07(0.90)

5.22(5.39)

<0.0001

0.04(0.61)

4.97(4.91)

<0.0001

0.01(0.35)

4.42(4.08)

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Inpatient Visits

346[3.3 %]

10282[100.0 %]

<0.0001

1102[1.2 %]

88196[100.0 %]

<0.0001

59[0.8 %]

7727[100.0 %]

<0.0001

32[0 .3 %]

12317[100.0 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient ER Visits

387[3.7 %]

1503[14.6 %]

<0.0001

1674[1.9 %]

15425[17.5 %]

<0.0001

124[1.6 %]

1663[21.5 %]

<0.0001

128[1.0 %]

3194[25.9 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Office Visits

5431[51.3 %]

7141[69.5 %]

<0.0001

39190[43.8 %]

67063[76.0 %]

<0.0001

2857[36.4 %]

5654[73.2 %]

<0.0001

3110[25.0 %]

9311[75.6 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Visitsb

7297[69.0 %]

9296[90.4 %]

<0.0001

50185[56.0 %]

81329[92.2 %]

<0.0001

3616[46.1 %]

7078[91.6 %]

<0.0001

3895[31.3 %]

11266[91.5 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Pharmacy Visits

6842[64.7 %]

7253[70.5 %]

<0.0001

56480[63.1 %]

67216[76.2 %]

<0.0001

4736[60.4 %]

6266[81.1 %]

<0.0001

3500[28.2 %]

9242[75.0 %]

<0.0001

 Number of visits (PPPM)

            

 Inpatient stays

0.04(0.21)

1.18 (0.48)

<0.0001

0.01(0.13)

1.14(0.42)

<0.0001

0.01(0.11)

1.13(0.40)

<0.0001

0.00(0.06)

1.11(0.36)

<0.0001

 Outpatient Visitsb

2.06(2.76)

4.64(4.68)

<0.0001

1.35(2.05)

4.29(4.11)

<0.0001

1.00(1.67)

4.17(4.08)

<0.0001

0.64(1.32)

4.24(4.13)

<0.0001

 Outpatient ER Visits

0.04(0.22)

0.17(0.45)

<0.0001

0.02(0.16)

0.20(0.47)

<0.0001

0.02(0.14)

0.25(0.51)

<0.0001

0.01(0.12)

0.29(0.53)

<0.0001

 Outpatient Pharmacy Visits

1.76(1.93)

2.29(2.16)

<0.0001

1.43(1.60)

2.34(1.96)

<0.0001

1.21(1.40)

2.28(1.76)

<0.0001

0.47(0.93)

1.74(1.50)

<0.0001

 Outpatient Office Visits

1.00(1.50)

1.42(1.49)

<0.0001

0.77(1.31)

1.50(1.41)

<0.0001

0.62(1.19)

1.38(1.35)

<.0001

0.41(0.98)

1.39(1.34)

<0.0001

All-cause Healthcare Utilizations 1 year (31–365 days) post-index date

 Number of continuous enrollment patients

8447[78.6 %]

7808[72.7 %]

<0.0001

75203[83.0 %]

70525[77.8 %]

<0.0001

6588[83.0 %]

6165[77.7 %]

<.0001

10806[86.3 %]

10089[80.5 %]

<0.0001

 Inpatient LOS (days)

2.06(13.01)

6.61(20.85)

<0.0001

0.70(4.94)

3.20(13.27)

<0.0001

0.51(3.98)

2.46(11.26)

<.0001

0.23(2.72)

1.75(10.73)

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Inpatient Visits

1304[15.4 %]

2916[37.3 %]

<0.0001

6442[8.6 %]

18316[26.0 %]

<0.0001

445[6.8 %]

1439[23.3 %]

<.0001

376[3.5 %]

1747[17.3 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient ER Visits

2062[24.4 %]

2767[35.4 %]

<0.0001

11284[15.0 %]

19597[27.8 %]

<0.0001

876[13.3 %]

1558[25.3 %]

<.0001

1109[10.3 %]

2370[23.5 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Office Visits

7810[92.5 %]

7423[95.1 %]

<0.0001

70005[93.1 %]

68022[96.5 %]

<0.0001

5692[86.4 %]

5801[94.1 %]

<.0001

8009[74.1 %]

9396[93.1 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Visitsb

8216[97.3 %]

7726[98.9 %]

<0.0001

72302[96.1 %]

69833[99.0 %]

<0.0001

6028[91.5 %]

6048[98.1 %]

<.0001

8569[79.3 %]

9777[96.9 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Pharmacy Visits

6685[79.1 %]

6397[81.9 %]

<0.0001

61668[82.0 %]

59379[84.2 %]

<0.0001

5440[82.6 %]

5411[87.8 %]

<.0001

6611[61.2 %]

8281[82.1 %]

<0.0001

 Number of visits PPPM

            

 Inpatient stays

0.02(0.06)

0.06(0.11)

<0.0001

0.01(0.04)

0.04(0.09)

<0.0001

0.01(0.03)

0.03(0.07)

<.0001

0.00(0.02)

0.02(0.06)

<0.0001

 OutpatientVisitsb

1.81(1.71)

2.62(2.20)

<0.0001

1.28(1.33)

2.13(1.86)

<0.0001

0.95(1.09)

1.74(1.62)

<.0001

0.65(0.88)

1.50(1.47)

<0.0001

 Outpatient ER Visits

0.04(0.08)

0.06(0.14)

<0.0001

0.02(0.06)

0.04(0.10)

<0.0001

0.02(0.05)

0.04(0.09)

<.0001

0.01(0.04)

0.03(0.08)

<0.0001

 Outpatient Pharmacy Visits

1.66(1.53)

2.05(1.69)

<0.0001

1.37(1.28)

1.87(1.48)

<0.0001

1.18(1.12)

1.80(1.32)

<.0001

0.50(0.75)

1.29(1.11)

<0.0001

 Outpatient Office Visits

0.90(0.88)

1.10(0.99)

<0.0001

0.73(0.79)

0.98(0.87)

<0.0001

0.57(0.71)

0.80(0.80)

<0.0001

0.42(0.64)

0.68(0.73)

<0.0001

All-cause healthcare utilization 2 years post-index date

 Number of patients with Inpatient Visits

848[14.3 %]

1660[29.8 %]

<0.0001

5208[8.8 %]

11020[20.7 %]

<0.0001

394[7.7 %]

856[18.4 %]

<0.0001

391[4.4 %]

915[11.7 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient ER Visits

1455[24.5 %]

1845[33.1 %]

<0.0001

9514[16.1 %]

13799[25.9 %]

<0.0001

759[14.9 %]

1134[24.3 %]

<0.0001

963[10.9 %]

1583[20.2 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Office Visits

5371[90.6 %]

5084[91.2 %]

0.286

54074[91.8 %]

49751[93.5 %]

<0.0001

4433[87.0 %]

4213[90.4 %]

<0.0001

6969[78.8 %]

6944[88.8 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Visitsb

5668[95.6 %]

5352[96.0 %]

0.325

55882[94.9 %]

51394[96.6 %]

<0.0001

4669[91.6 %]

4445[95.3 %]

<0.0001

7377[83.4 %]

7286[93.1 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Pharmacy Visits

4720[79.6 %]

4549[81.6 %]

0.008

48323[82.0 %]

44590[83.8 %]

<0.0001

4228[83.0 %]

4015[86.1 %]

<0.0001

5886[66.6 %]

6324[80.8 %]

<0.0001

All-cause healthcare utilization 3 years post-index date

 Number of patients with Inpatient Visits

563[14.1 %]

961[27.2 %]

<0.0001

3941[8.8 %]

7146[18.6 %]

<0.0001

288[7.4 %]

590[16.9 %]

<0.0001

325[4.5 %]

617[10.3 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient ER Visits

965[24.2 %]

1173[33.2 %]

<0.0001

7049[15.8 %]

9683[25.2 %]

<0.0001

503[12.9 %]

817[23.4 %]

<0.0001

804[11.2 %]

1187[19.9 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Office Visits

3569[89.4 %]

3150[89.2 %]

0.78

40638[91.0 %]

35419[92.0 %]

<0.0001

3420[87.6 %]

3095[88.8 %]

0.115

5871[81.7 %]

5209[87.2 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Visitsb

3775[94.5 %]

3335[94.4 %]

0.819

42139[94.4 %]

36762[95.5 %]

<0.0001

3587[91.9 %]

3272[93.9 %]

0.001

6194[86.2 %]

5468[91.6 %]

<0.0001

 Number of patients with Outpatient Pharmacy Visits

3216[80.5 %]

2908[82.3 %]

0.047

36437[81.6 %]

32319[84.0 %]

<0.0001

3221[82.5 %]

2958[84.9 %]

0.006

4991[69.4 %]

4804[80.5 %]

<0.0001

  1. Refer to Table 3 for length of stay and number of visits per patient per month during years 2 and 3 of the follow-up period
  2. PSM propensity score matching, CVD cardiovascular disease, CV cardiovascular, CHD RE coronary heart disease risk equivalent, SD standard deviation, LOS length of stay, PPPM per patient per month, ER emergency room
  3. aChi-square tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of differences in categorical variables; student t-tests were used for the continuous variables
  4. bOutpatient visits included emergency room, laboratory/pathology, radiology, outpatient surgical or diagnostic procedure and office visits