Variable | All subjects (n = 247) | HOMA-S Q1 (n = 63) | HOMA-S Q2-4 (n = 184) | P-value for difference between HOMA-S categories |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline MPP | ||||
Age (years) | 47 [47–48] | 47 [47–48] | 47 [47–48] | 0.1c |
Active smoking | 118 (48 %) | 27 (43 %) | 91 (50 %) | 0.4a |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 +/− 3.0 | 26.9 +/− 3.8 | 24.5 +/− 2.4 | <0.0001b |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129 +/− 15 | 133 +/− 19 | 128 +/− 14 | 0.0502b |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 +/− 1.0 | 5.9 +/− 1.3 | 5.7 +/− 0.9 | 0.2b |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 93 +/− 13 | 93 +/− 13 | 92 +/− 13 | 0.7b |
FBG (mmol/L) | 5.1 +/− 0.5 | 5.2 +/− 0.6 | 5.0 +/− 0.5 | 0.02b |
Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 48 [18–78] | 108 [90–144] | 36 [18–54] | <0.0001c |
HOMA-%B | 83.2 [54.4–124.2] | 147.2 [118.8–184.4] | 67.3 [47.8–92.1] | <0.0001c |
HOMA-%S | 113.0 [68.3–284.6] | 50.2 [37.1–61.9] | 150.7 [99.3–289.7] | <0.0001c |
Sedentary lifestyle | 143 (58 %) | 38 (60 %) | 105 (57 %) | 0.7a |
Antihypertensive medication | 11 (5 %) | 4 (6 %) | 7 (4 %) | 0.4a |
MPP re-examination | ||||
Age (years) | 74 [70–75] | 74 [70–75] | 74 [71–75] | 0.5c |
Active smoking | 33 (13 %) | 8 (13 %) | 25 (14 %) | 0.9a |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 +/− 3.6 | 28.3 +/− 4.3 | 27.8 +/− 3.3 | 0.3b |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 149 +/− 21 | 146 +/− 18 | 149 +/− 21 | 0.3b |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 +/− 1.1 | 4.7 +/− 1.0 | 5.2 +/− 1.1 | 0.001b |
FPG (mmol/L) | 7.1 +/− 2.1 | 7.4 +/− 2.0 | 7.0 +/− 2.1 | 0.1b |
LVM (g) | 202 +/− 61 | 205 +/− 61 | 201 +/− 61 | 0.7b |
LVMI (g/m2) | 103 +/− 30 | 103 +/− 30 | 103 +/− 30 | 0.9b |
EF (%) | 60 +/− 8 | 60 +/− 8 | 60 +/− 8 | 0.5b |
Grade 2 or 3 diastolic dysfunction | 82 (36 %) | 27 (47 %) | 55 (33 %) | 0.06a |
E/é | 10 [8–12] | 10 [8–12] | 10 [7–12] | 0.3c |
Time (years) | 28 [27–28] | 28 [25–29] | 28 [27–28] | 0.4c |