Table 5 Adjusted mean left ventricular mass index by acculturation characteristic and by ethnicity
Acculturation characteristic | Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Hispanic White | Chinese | African-American | Hispanic | |||||
LVMI, g/m2, mean ± SE | p-value | LVMI, g/m2, mean ± SE | p-value | LVMI, g/m2, mean ± SE | p-value | LVMI, g/m2, mean ± SE, p | p-value | |
Language | ||||||||
Non-English spoken at home | 80.2 ± 1.9 | 0.56 | 76.5 ± 0.9 | 0.24 | 83.4 ± 3.4 | 0.69 | 82.8 ± 0.8 | 0.075 |
Mixed languages at home | 78.3 ± 4.9 | 78.2 ± 1.9 | 78.9 ± 4.7 | 82.3 ± 1.2 | ||||
English spoken at home | 78.2 ± 0.7 | 79.6 ± 2.1 | 82.9 ± 0.7 | 84.9 ± 0.9 | ||||
Nativity | ||||||||
US-born | 78.2 ± 0.7 | 0.19 | 76.0 ± 2.6 | 0.74 | 82.6 ± 0.7 | 0.027* | 84.2 ± 0.9 | 0.24 |
Foreign-born | 79.7 ± 1.3 | 76.9 ± 0.9 | 85.8 ± 1.4 | 83.0 ± 0.8 | ||||
Nativity + Years in US | ||||||||
Foreign born - in US for < 10 years | 90.2 ± 6.2 | 0.92 | 75.9 ± 1.4 | 0.37 | 80.5 ± 10.7 | 0.73 | 84.3 ± 1.9 | 0.61 |
Foreign born - in US for 10–19 years | 87.8 ± 4.7 | 76.7 ± 1.2 | 86.7 ± 5.9 | 82.4 ± 1.7 | ||||
Foreign born - in US for ≥ 20 years | 87.6 ± 2.7 | 77.7 ± 1.1 | 88.5 ± 3.9 | 82.6 ± 0.9 | ||||
Acculturation score | ||||||||
Least acculturated (0) | - | 0.72 | 75.1 ± 1.5 | 0.32 | - | 0.024* | 84.3 ± 1.9 | 0.25 |
Acculturated (1) | - | 76.2 ± 1.2 | - | 83.1 ± 1.7 | ||||
Acculturated (2) | 84.5 ± 12.8 | 76.8 ± 1.2 | 80.15 ± 8.9 | 82.9 ± 0.9 | ||||
Acculturated (3) | 78.9 ± 3.7 | 77.3 ± 2.3 | 88.7 ± 3.7 | 82.7 ± 1.5 | ||||
Acculturated (4) | 79.4 ± 1.7 | 81.9 ± 2.8 | 87.8 ± 1.9 | 82.5 ± 1.3 | ||||
Most Acculturated (5) | 77.8 ± 0.7 | 76.2 ± 3.2 | 82.8 ± 0.7 | 85.5 ± 1.0 | ||||