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Table 2 Patient´s measurements divided into “low” or “high” groups according to median CFR and VO2peakFFM

From: Coronary microvascular function, insulin sensitivity and body composition in predicting exercise capacity in overweight patients with coronary artery disease

 

Coronary flow reserve

VO2PeakFFM

 

Low (CFR ≤ 2.28)

High (CFR > 2.28)

Low (VO2PeakFFM ≤ 126.5)

High (VO2PeakFFM >126.5)

 

n = 32

n = 33

n = 32

n = 33

Patient characteristics

 Age

64

(59–68)

62

(56–67)

65

(61–69)

62

(55–65)*

 Male sex

26

(81.3 %)

28

(84.9 %)

24

(75.0 %)

30

(90.9 %)

 CABG/PCI involving LAD

16

(50.0 %)

20

(60.0 %)

19

(59.4 %)

17

(51.5 %)

 ACE–inhibitors

16

(50.0 %)

13

(39.4 %)

16

(50.0 %)

13

(39.4 %)

 Beta–blockers

17

(53.1 %)

17

(51.5 %)

17

(53.1 %)

17

(51.5 %)

Echocardiography

 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)

53

(45–59)

56

(48–60)

54

(46–58)

55

(47–61)

 End diastolic volume (mL/m2)

38.4

(34.4–50.5)

40.8

(34.5–47.7)

36.0

(31.3–39.6)

43.6

(39.2–54.1)*

 End systolic volume (mL/m2)

17.6

(15.0–26.6)

17.7

(14.2–24.3)

16.4

(13.8–22.0)

18.5

(15.6–27.0)*

 Coronary flow reserve (ratio)

1.91

(1.77–2.09)

2.62

(2.53–2.97)*

2.13

(1.87–2.55)

2.52

(2.07–2.71)*

Exercise capacity

 VO2peakBW (ml/min/kg)

18.3

(16.5–21.9)

23.2

(20.5–27.3)*

17.7

(16.0–20.5)

25.1

(22.3–27.6)*

 VO2peakFFM (ml/min/kg FFM(2/3))

116.0

(104.0–129.9)

135.5

(121.6–161.9)*

108.7

(98.4–119.6)

145.6

(133.1–162.7)*

 Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

1.21

(1.16–1.28)

1.19

(1.15–1.22)

1.21

(1.15–1.28)

1.18

(1.15–1.23)

Glucose metabolism

 Insulin sensitivity (ISIcomposite)

2.21

(1.71–3.50)

2.49

(1.76–3.59)

2.28

(1.88–3.35)

2.48

(1.66–3.77)

 Insulin sensitivity (ISIHOMA)

0.28

(0.19–0.46)

0.31

(0.22–0.46)

0.28

(0.19–0.45)

0.30

(0.22–0.48)

 Hba1c (%)

5.9

(5.7–6.1)

5.9

(5.5–6.2)

6.1

(5.9–6.3)

5.8

(5.5–6.0)*

 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.88

(5.31–6.33)

5.85

(5.65–6.18)

6.07

(5.70–6.33)

5.73

(5.46–6.07)*

 Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L)

100

(60–131)

88

(56–120)

94

(60–124)

93

(61–121)

 Glucose tolerance (2 h-PG) (mmol/L)

7.95

(6.31–9.49)

7.37

(5.91–8.86)

8.14

(6.47–9.66)

7.17

(5.64–8.85)

 Beta cell function (Btotal) (nL/kg/min)

1.90

(1.46–2.37)

1.93

(1.46–2.86)

1.85

(1.45–2.37)

1.99

(1.46–2.71)

 β-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity (Di)

4.89

(2.82–8.12)

5.52

(3.18–7.45)

5.48

(3.06–8.98)

4.64

(2.82–7.17)

Body composition

 BMI (kg/m2)

31.1

(29.5–35.1)

31.5

(29.9–33.3)

31.0

(29.5–33.2)

31.8

(29.9–33.7)

 Waist-to-hip-ratio

1.00

(0.98–1.03)

1.01

(0.97–1.04)

1.00

(0.96–1.05)

1.00

(0.97–1.03)

 Body fat (%)

35.7

(32.6–41.0)

32.2

(29.1–35.7)*

34.3

(31.0–42.1)

33.4

(30.5–35.8)

 Visceral fat (mm3)

293

(260–332)(n = 14)

276

(211–316)(n = 23)

293

(222–345)(n = 16)

280

(211–297)(n = 21)

 Central-to-peripheral fat ratio

1.52

(1.34–1.70)

1.65

(1.39–2.05)

1.54

(1.34–1.82)

1.59

(1.39–1.89)

  1. VO 2 peak FFM peak rate of oxygen consumption per kilogram of fat free body mass, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, LAD left anterior descending artery, D i disposition index, BMI Body mass index, VO 2 peak BW peak rate of oxygen consumption per kilogram of body mass. *p < 0.05