Intervention group 1 | Intervention group 2 | Group 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yoga class group | Yoga at home group | Control group | ||||
OC | PPS | OC | PPS | OC | PPS | |
n = 28 | n = 21 | n = 26 | n = 20 | n = 26 | n = 22 | |
Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) change from baseline | 0.3 (0.1–0.5)* | 0.2 (−0.0–0.4) | −0.1 (−0.3–0.2) | −0.1 (−0.2–0.4) | 0.0 (−0.3–0.3) | 0.1 (−0.3–0.4) |
Difference vs. control | 0.3 (−0.1–0.6) | 0.1 (−0.2–0.5) | −0.1 (−0.4–0.3) | −0.1 (−0.4–0.3) | ||
LDL (mmol/L) change from baseline | 0.1 (−0.0–0.3) | 0.1 (−0.1–0.3) | −0.2 (−0.5–0.1) | −0.1 (−0.3–0.2) | 0.0 (−0.3–0.3) | 0.0 (−0.3–0.3) |
Difference vs. control | 0.2 (−0.2–0.5) | 0.1 (−0.3–0.5) | −0.2 (−0.6–0.2) | −0.1 (−0.5–0.4) | ||
HDL (mmol/L) change from baseline | 0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | 0.0 (−0.0–0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1–0.1) |
Difference vs. control | −0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | −0.0 (−0.2–0.1) | −0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | −0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | ||
TGs (mmol/L) change from baseline | 0.3 (0.1–0.5)* | 0.3 (0.0–0.5)* | 0.1 (−0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (−0.1–0.2) | −0.3 (−0.8–0.1) | −0.3 (−0.8–0.2) |
Difference vs. control | 0.6 (0.1–1.1)* | 0.6 (0.0–1.1)* | 0.4 (−0.1–0.8) | 0.4 (−0.1–0.9) | ||
FP-glucose (mmol/L) change from baseline | 0.1 (−0.2–0.4) | 0.0 (−0.3–0.3) | −0.1 (−0.3–0.2) | −0.1 (−0.4–0.2) | −0.4 (−1.1–0.3) | −0.4 (−1.2–0.4) |
Difference vs. control | 0.5 (−0.2–1.3) | 0.4 (−0.5–1.3) | 0.4 (−0.4–1.1) | 0.3 (−0.6–1.2) | ||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) change from baseline | −1.4 (−3.9–1.2) | −1.9 (−4.9–1.1) | −0.2 (−1.5–1.1) | 0.3 (−1.3–1.9) | −0.8 (−2.0–0.3) | −0.9 (−2.2–0.4) |
Difference vs. control | −0.5 (−3.3–2.3) | −1.0 (−4.0–2.0) | 0.6 (−1.1–2.3) | 1.2 (−0.7–3.2) | ||
hs-CRP (mg/L) change from baseline | −0.8 (−2.2–0.5) | −0.6 (−2.3–1.1) | 0.2 (−0.6–1.0) | 0.1 (−1.0–1.2) | 0.4 (−1.2–2.1) | 0.5 (−1.4–2.4) |
Difference vs. control | −1.2 (−3.3–0.8) | −1.1 (−3.6–1.3) | −0.2 (−2.0–1.6) | −0.4 (−2.7–1.8) | ||
IL-6 (pg/mL) change from baseline | −0.8 (−2.3–0.7) | −0.8 (−2.4–0.9) | 1.1 (−0.2–2.4) | 1.1 (−0.4–2.5) | 1.0 (−0.8–2.8) | 1.2 (−0.7–3.1) |
Difference vs. control | −1.8 (−4.1–0.5) | −2.0 (−4.5–0.5) | 0.2 (−1.9–2.3) | −0.1 (−2.5–2.2) | ||
Waist circumf. (cm) change from baseline | −0.4 (−1.9–1.1) | −0.1 (−1.9–1.6) | 0.6 (−1.5–2.7) | 0.8 (−1.9–3.5) | −0.0 (−2.3–2.3) | 0.1 (−2.4–2.6) |
Difference vs. control | −0.4 (−3.1–2.2) | −0.2 (−3.2–2.8) | 0.6 (−2.4–3.7) | 0.7 (−2.8–4.3) | ||
SBP (mmHg)a change from baseline | 0.3 (−5.8–6.4) | −0.2 (−8.1–7.8) | −6.8 (−11.6–2.11)* | −6.1 (−11.7–0.7) | −2.3 (−7.6–3.0) | −1.9 (−7.7–4.1) |
Difference vs. control | 2.6 (−5.4–10.5) | 1.7 (−7.9–11.1) | −4.4 (−11.5–2.4) | −4.2 (−12.3–3.5) | ||
DBP (mmHg)a change from baseline | 0.2 (−3.2–3.7) | 0.3 (−3.9–4.3) | −4.4 (−7.3–1.3)* | −3.9 (−7.3–0.1) | 0.8 (−3.2–4.4) | 1.0 (−3.2–4.9) |
Difference vs. control | −0.6 (−5.3–4.6) | −0.8 (−6.2–5.0) | −5.2 (−9.6–0.2)* | −4.9 (−9.9–0.1)* |