Table 3 Studies of atrial fibrillation outcomes
Author (Year) Publication type | Country Indigenous population Calendar period Age range | Methods | Key findings on Indigenous AF | Quality score (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale applied only to Indigenous AF data) Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes in AF patients | ||||
Title: Cardiovascular Disease Rates, Outcomes, and Quality of Care in Ontario Métis: A Population-Based Cohort Study | ||||
Atzema (2015) [31] Journal article (this study has multiple outcomes) | Country: Canada (Ontario only) | Design: Retrospective cohort study | Age- & sex-adjusted all cause mortality (CI) Métis 16.6 (7.3–25.4) All Ontario 7.8 (7.5–8.1) p = 0.06 | NOS (cohort): 7/9 ‘Incidence case’ denominator determined by first emergency department presentation or hospitalisation onlySmall number of Métis subjects |
|  | Population: Métis | Outcomes: One-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident cases () | Age- & sex-adjusted cardiovascular mortality (CI) Métis 10.0 (2.4–17.7) |  |
|  | Period: 2006-2011 | Sample size: 6 deaths in 56 Métis; 32,387 general Ontarian incident cases | All Ontario 4.8 (4.6–5.0) p = 0.19 |  |
| Â | Age: 20+ years | Â | Â | Â |
Title: African Americans have the highest risk of in-hospital mortality with atrial fibrillation related hospitalizations among all racial/ethnic groups: A nationwide analysis | ||||
Turagam (2012) [41] Journal research letter | Country: US | Design: cross-sectional/cohort | In-hospital mortality following admission with AF as principal diagnosis: Native Americans vs Whites adjusted HR 0.7 (p = 0.3) | NOS (adapted for cross sectional) 8/10 Unlinked data; short follow-up (hospital deaths only) |
| Â | Population: Native American | Data Source: Nationwide Inpatient Sample hospitalization database | Â | Â |
| Â | Period: 2008 | Setting: hospitals | Â | Â |
| Â | Age: uncertain | Sample size: 425470 admitted with AF as principal diagnosis | Â | Â |
Title: Initial hospitalisation for atrial fibrillation in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in Western Australia | ||||
Katzenellenbogen (2015) [30] Conference abstract later published as a journal article (this study has multiple outcomes) | Country: Australia (Western Australia only) | Design: Retrospective cohort | 1-year mortality: cross-over effect 30-day mortality: Demography-adjusted HR = 1.7 | NOS (cohort): 9/9 Hospitalised cases only AF codes not validated No diagnostic tests and therapeutic data |
|  | Population: Aboriginal | Data Source: Linked hospital and death records | Fully adjusted HR = 0.81 (NS) 1-yr mortality in 30-day survivors: Demography-adjusted HR = 2.9 |  |
|  | Age: 20–84 years | Setting: Western Australian hospital cases | Fully adjusted HR = 1.6 Comorbidities impact substantially on attenuation of effect |  |
| Â | Period: 2000-09 | Other: 15-year clearance period | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Sample size: 37,097 AF cases, 923 Aboriginal; 5,417 mortality events | Â | Â |
AF as an outcome | ||||
Title: Race/ethnicity and the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass surgery | ||||
Nazeri (2010) [42] Journal article | Country: US | Design: retrospective cohort | Cumulative incidence prior to discharge of new-onset post-operative AF (crude percentages; no statistical inference) Caucasians: 32.4Â % Native Americans: 18.8Â % | NOS (cohort) 7/9 Descriptive study only in relation to Native Americans Very small number of Native Americans insufficient for multivariate analysis |
| Â | Pop: Native Americans | Data Source: Institutional research database | Â | Â |
| Â | Period: 2000-2008 | Setting: Single tertiary hospital | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Sample size: Total: 5823 | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Native American: 11 (0.2Â %) | Â | Â |