Fig. 3

Forest Plot for All-Cause Mortality. Individual and pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling patients with cardiovascular diseases comparing colchicine to placebo or control. [RCTs enrolling patients with pericarditis [18–22], post-pericardiotomy syndrome [23–26], or post-RF ablation [27] are excluded. Only two of these RCTs [24, 25] reported any deaths: 2/169 vs. 2/167 patients [24], and 6/180 vs. 2/180 [25]. Including these RCTs does not significantly change the pooled result: RR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.37-1.49, p = 0.40. The pooled RRs with 95 % CI were calculated using random-effects models. Weight refers to the contribution of each study to the overall pooled estimate of treatment effect. Each square and horizontal line denotes the point estimate and 95 % CI for each trial’s RR. The diamonds signify the pooled RR; the diamond’s centre denotes the point estimate and width denotes the 95 % CI