Table 1 Baseline characteristics of acute coronary syndrome patients with no cardiovascular events, a single event, or multiple events (n = 405)
Characteristics | Recurrent cardiovascular events | p-value for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | ≥2 | ||
(n = 359) | (n = 36) | (n = 10) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 215 (60.0) | 24 (66.7) | 6 (60.0) | 0.600 |
Age, (year) | 64.5 ± 11.5 | 68.1 ± 11.7 | 66.7 ± 11.6 | 0.128 |
Health insurance | ||||
Universal coverage scheme | 201 (56.0) | 19 (52.8) | 5(50.0) | 0.630 |
Civil servant medical benefit scheme | 139 (38.7) | 16 (44.4) | 4 (40.0) | |
Social security scheme | 15 (4.2) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (10.0) | |
Self- pay | 4 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Smoking | ||||
Non smoker | 208 (57.9) | 23 (63.9) | 8 (80.0) | 0.204 |
Ex-smoker | 67 (18.7) | 6 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Current smoker | 84 (23.4) | 7 (19.4) | 2 (20.0) | |
Diagnosis at discharge | ||||
Unstable angina | 66 (18.4) | 5 (13.9) | 7 (70.0) | 0.001 |
NSTEMI | 90 (25.1) | 16 (44.4) | 2 (20.0) | |
STEMI | 203 (56.6) | 15 (41.7) | 1 (10.0) | |
Atherosclerotic risk factors | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 97 (27.0) | 15 (41.7) | 5 (50.0) | 0.019 |
Hypertension | 215 (59.9) | 29 (80.6) | 7 (70.0) | 0.039 |
Chronic kidney disease | 37 (10.3) | 12 (33.3) | 2 (20.0) | 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 141 (39.3) | 17 (47.2) | 6 (60.0) | 0.119 |
Family history of premature atherosclerosis | 7 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.369 |
Previous history of cardiovascular events | ||||
Chronic stable angina | 30 (8.4) | 2 (5.6) | 3 (30.0) | 0.174 |
Myocardial infarction or unstable angina | 71 (19.8) | 11 (30.6) | 5 (50.0) | 0.008 |
Stroke (Ischemic) | 22(6.1) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (10.0) | 0.870 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.736 |
Previous history of cardiovascular intervention | ||||
PCI | 19 (5.3) | 4 (11.1) | 3 (30.0) | 0.002 |
CABG | 17 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0.071 |
Revascularization of peripheral vascular disease | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.736 |
Carotid intervention | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.633 |
Treatment during admission | ||||
PCI | 151 (42.1) | 7 (19.4) | 1 (10.0) | 0.001 |
CABG | 4 (1.1) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.735 |
Thrombolytic indicated | 43 (12.0) | 6 (16.7) | 1 (10.0) | 0.690 |
Medications | ||||
Lipid lowering drugs (non-statins) | 9 (2.5) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (10.0) | 0.271 |
Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant drugs | 350 (97.5) | 35 (97.2) | 10 (100.0) | 0.766 |
Beta-blockers | 296 (82.5) | 31 (86.1) | 9 (90.0) | 0.414 |
ACEI/ARB | 235 (65.5) | 18 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 0.054 |
CCB | 71 (19.8) | 7 (19.4) | 7 (70.0) | 0.006 |
Diuretics | 100 (27.9) | 14 (38.9) | 1 (10.0) | 0.979 |
Diabetic drugs | 53 (14.8) | 8 (22.2) | 4 (40.0) | 0.021 |
Baseline laboratory results | ||||
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.003 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 62.7 ± 25.7 | 46.3 ± 23.0 | 58.5 ± 21.8 | 0.004 |
ALT (U/L) | 35.4 ± 45.5 | 41.5 ± 88.8 | 26.6 ± 10.0 | 0.142 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)a | 135.1 ± 75.3 | 134.1 ± 47.7 | 164.4 ± 70.5 | 0.230 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181.1 ± 50.4 | 185.4 ± 43.5 | 169.8 ± 46.8 | 0.757 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL)b | 137.0 ± 81.2 | 158.7 ± 89.5 | 196.4 ± 153.9 | 0.086 |
High density lipoprotein (mg/dL)c | 40.4 ± 11.7 | 38.0 ± 7.5 | 34.8 ± 9.7 | 0.168 |
Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 112.6 ± 41.9 | 114.0 ± 37.9 | 92.3 ± 29.6 | 0.300 |
Median follow-up time (day)d | 808 (490–1,073) | 782 (306–1,146) | 1,088 (674–1,239) | 0.609 |