Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study patients

Age (years)

56 ± 10

67 ± 7

Male (%)

2 (20.0 %)

10 (83.3 %)

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.7 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.4

White blood cell count (10³/uL)

6.5 ± 1.9

5.2 ± 1.3

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.4 ± 2.1

23.9 ± 3.1

Hypertension (%)

3 (30.0 %)

6 (50.0 %)

Diabetes mellitus (%)

2 (20.0 %)

3 (25.0 %)

Dyslipidemia (%)

5 (50.0 %)

1 (8.3 %)

Heart failure NYHA classification

2.9 ± 0.3

2.9 ± 0.5

Functional class II (%)

1 (10.0 %)

2 (16.7 %)

Functional class III (%)

9 (90.0 %)

9 (75.0 %)

Functional class IV (%)

0 (0.0 %)

1 (8.3 %)

Advanced heart failure (%)

9 (90.0 %)

10 (83.3 %)

Aortic valve disease (%)

0 (0.0 %)

2 (16.7 %)

Tricuspid valve disease (%)

2 (20 %)

7 (58.3 %)

Left atrial pressure (mmHg)

17.0 ± 8.4

19.3 ± 7.9

Left atrial diameter (mm)

41.9 ± 5.7

51.7 ± 8.6

Left atrial ejection fraction (%)

51.6 ± 17.7

38.2 ± 13.6

Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm)

54.6 ± 5.3

62.4 ± 8.6

Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm)

34.3 ± 5.9

42.5 ± 7.7

Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)

66.1 ± 7.9

58.5 ± 10.4

Beta-blockers (%)

1 (10.0 %)

4 (33.3 %)

Calcium channel blockers (%)

1 (10.0 %)

4 (33.3 %)

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (%)

10 (100.0 %)

10 (83.3 %)

Statins (%)

1 (10.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)