Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (N = 3,663)
Men (N = 1,334, 36.4%) | Women (N = 2,329, 63.6%) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± stdb | 53.4 ± 13.0 | 54.5 ± 12.7 | .01 |
Annual household income,% | |||
Less than $19,999 | 19.9 | 32.3 | <.0001 |
$20,000 - 49,999 | 32.9 | 39.2 | |
$50,000 or more | 47.2 | 28.6 | |
Hypertensive, % | 57.7 | 62.1 | .008 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.8 ± 18.1 | 125.9 ± 18.2 | .002 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.6 ± 10.4 | 77.5 ± 10.0 | <.0001 |
Type 2 Diabetic, % | 12.6 | 16.2 | .003 |
Current Smoker,% | 16.6 | 10.4 | <.0001 |
Physical activity score | 8.8 ± 2.6 | 8.3 ± 2.5 | <.0001 |
Alcohol consumer, % | 61.7 | 40.0 | <.0001 |
BMIc (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 6.2 | 32.8 ± 7.6 | <.0001 |
Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 17.1 ± 30.7 | 18.8 ± 15.5 | .05 |
LDL-Cholesterold (mg/dL) | 128.5 ± 36.6 | 125.1 ± 36.1 | .006 |
HDL-Cholesterole (mg/dL) | 46.0 ± 12.5 | 55.1 ± 14.4 | <.0001 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.1 ± 39.1 | 199.8 ± 39.4 | .005 |
HOMA-IRf | 3.45 ± 2.42 | 3.78 ± 2.41 | .0002 |
Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) | 99.4 ± 31.4 | 99.1 ± 30.9 | .78 |
CRPg (mg/dL) | .37 ± 1.09 | .59 ± .84 | <.0001 |
Plasma leptin (ng/mL) | 11.2 ± 10.6 | 37.5 ± 23.3 | <.0001 |
Circulating Plasma adiponectin (ug/mL) | 4.1 ± 3.3 | 6.0 ± 4.6 | <.0001 |
Circulating Plasma adiponectin, % | |||
≤2.70 ug/mL | 38.8 | 17.5 | <.0001 |
>2.70 - ≤4.2 ug/mL | 26.8 | 23.8 | |
>4.2 - ≤6.7 ug/mL | 20.3 | 28.0 | |
>6.7 ug/mL | 14.1 | 30.7 |