Table 1 Characteristics of the study population: overall and by plaque presence

Covariates

Age (Mean ± SD)

68.5 ± 10.1

64.5 ± 9.6

71.1 ± 9.5^a

Male sex (%)

39.8

37.8

41.0

Race/ethnicity

   Hispanic (%)

51.4

61.6

44.9^a

   Black (%)

25.5

22.1

27.7^a

   White (%)

23.1

16.3

27.4^a

Hypertension (%)

73.5

68.6

76.5^a

Diabetes (%)

21.2

18.8

22.7^a

Cigarette smoker

   Current (%)

15.5

12.2

17.6 ^a

   Former (%)

37.8

32.7

40.9 ^a

Pipe or cigar smoker

   Current (%)

2.3

1.5

2.7^a

   Former (%)

5.9

4.4

6.8 ^a

Moderate alcohol consumption (%)

35.1

34.7

35.3

Moderate to heavy physical activity (%)

10.0

12.0

8.8^a

BMI (Mean ± SD)

27.9 ± 5.6

28.3 ± 5.6

27.7 ± 5.6^a

Lipid Parameters (Mean ± SD)

Total cholesterol (N = 1804)

202 ± 41

200 ± 40

203 ± 42

LDL (N = 1804)

127 ± 37

125 ± 37

128 ± 37

HDL (N = 1804)

48 ± 15

48 ± 15

48 ± 15

Triglycerides (N = 1804)

133 ± 71

135 ± 80

133 ± 65

Non-HDL (N = 1804)

154 ± 41

152 ± 40

155 ± 42

Lp(a) (N = 582)

41 ± 41

39 ± 36

43 ± 44

ApoB (N = 568)

113 ± 30

108 ± 29

116 ± 30^a

ApoA-I (N = 568)

146 ± 28

147 ± 29

145 ± 27

T-CHOL:HDL (N = 1804)

4.58 ± 1.57

4.54 ± 1.52

4.60 ± 1.61

LDL:HDL (N = 1804)

2.92 ± 1.24

2.87 ± 1.18

2.95 ± 1.27

ApoB:ApoA-I (N = 568)

0.81 ± 0.29

0.77 ± 0.30

0.83 ± 0.28^a