The association of biomarkers of iron status with peripheral arterial disease in US adults

Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of peripheral arterial disease by tertile of and for a two-fold increase in ferritin and transferrin saturation stratified by gender

	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p-trend	Two-fold increase
Men - ferritin	<109 ng/mL (3%)*	109-221 ng/mL (5%)*	≥ 222 ng/mL (4%)*
Age and race-ethnicity adjusted	1.00	1.70 (1.07 - 2.69)	1.38 (0.69 - 2.77)	0.53	1.07 (0.89 - 1.27)
Multivariable model 1†	1.00	1.76 (1.04 - 2.96)	1.29 (0.63 - 2.62)	0.71	1.05 (0.87 - 1.27)
Multivariable model 2‡	1.00	2.13 (1.07 - 4.24)	1.87 (0.96 - 3.63)	0.16	1.18 (1.00 - 1.41)
Men - transferrin saturation	<22.4% (5%)*	22.4-30.4% (4%)*	≥ 30.5% (4%)*
Age and race-ethnicity adjusted	1.00	0.90 (0.44 - 1.86)	0.82 (0.45 - 1.47)	0.49	0.87 (0.54 - 1.41)
Multivariable model 1†	1.00	0.82 (0.39 - 1.73)	0.87 (0.52 - 1.46)	0.61	0.94 (0.59 - 1.48)
Multivariable model 2‡	1.00	1.11 (0.54 - 2.29)	1.48 (0.82 - 2.64)	0.19	1.45 (0.83 - 2.51)
Women - ferritin	<57 ng/mL (9%)*	57-115 ng/mL (7%)*	≥ 116 ng/mL (9%)*
Age and race-ethnicity adjusted	1.00	0.69 (0.40 - 1.18)	0.87 (0.51 - 1.51)	0.81	1.05 (0.88 - 1.26)
Multivariable model 1†	1.00	0.61 (0.34 - 1.09)	0.82 (0.47 - 1.41)	0.70	1.04 (0.86 - 1.26)
Multivariable model 2‡	1.00	0.52 (0.28 - 0.99)	0.77 (0.46 - 1.30)	0.65	1.04 (0.87 - 1.25)
Women - transferrin saturation	<19.0% (9%)*	19.0-26.0% (7%)*	≥ 26.1% (9%)*
Age and race-ethnicity adjusted	1.00	0.69 (0.40 - 1.21)	1.00 (0.64 - 1.57)	0.84	1.26 (0.81 - 1.95)
Multivariable model 1†	1.00	0.69 (0.41 - 1.17)	1.11 (0.71 - 1.73)	0.55	1.34 (0.85 - 2.12)
Multivariable model 2‡	1.00	0.82 (0.44 - 1.56)	1.29 (0.79 - 2.10)	0.23	1.55 (0.98 - 2.45)

*Weighted percentage of population with peripheral arterial disease
†Adjusted for age (continuous), race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican-American, and other), household income (<$20,000 and ≥ $20,000), high school education, smoking status (current, former, and never), alcohol consumption (<1 and ≥ 1 drink per week), and body mass index (<25, 25-29, and ≥ 30 kg/m²)
‡Adjusted for variables in model 1 and systolic blood pressure (continuous), C-reactive protein (log-transformed, continuous), alanine aminotransferase (log-transformed, continuous), total cholesterol (continuously), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (continuous), estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60, 60-89, and ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m²), diabetes mellitus, blood pressure medication, cholesterol medication, aspirin, and hormone replacement therapy (among women)

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