Table 5 Relative prevalence of various risk factors with increasing age in males and females presented as univariate and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals
From: Younger age of escalation of cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indian subjects
Variables | Age group | Univariate odds ratios | Adjusted for body mass index | Adjusted for waist circumference | Adjusted for waist hip ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smoking | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 5.3 (3.6–7.0) | -- | -- | -- |
|  | 30–39 | 16.0 (10.5–21.5) | -- | -- | -- |
Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 15–19 | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | -- | -- | -- |
|  | 30–39 | 7.1 (4.5–11.2) | -- | -- | -- |
Waist:hip ratio > 0.9 | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -- | -- |
|  | 20–29 | 4.5 (2.7–7.6) | -- | -- | -- |
|  | 30–39 | 21.1 (12.9–34.2) | -- | -- | -- |
Hypertension | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 2.6 (1.2–5.8) | 1.7 (0.7–3.9) | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) |
|  | 30–39 | 13.0 (6.9–24.6) | 7.4 (3.7–14.8) | 3.4 (1.5–7.5) | 4.3 (1.9–9.5) |
LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 6.4 (3.3–12.2) | 5.9 (3.0–11.5) | 4.7 (2.4–9.4) | 5.4 (2.7–10.9) |
|  | 30–39 | 27.4 (15.2–49.6) | 22.2 (11.7–42.0) | 16.7 (8.2–34.1) | 20.1 (9.8–41.3) |
Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 3.7 (1.9–7.1) | 2.7 (1.4–5.4) | 2.4 (1.2–4.8) | 2.6 (1.3–5.1) |
|  | 30–39 | 24.2 (13.9–42.1) | 19.9 (10.9–36.1) | 15.8 (8.2–30.8) | 16.8 (8.6–32.6) |
HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) | 2.4 (1.5–3.9) | 1.9 (1.2–3.3) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) |
|  | 30–39 | 15.8 (10.2–24.5) | 15.1 (9.3–24.7) | 12.9 (7.4–22.6) | 10.9 (6.4–18.9) |
Total: HDL cholesterol > 4.5 | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) |
|  | 30–39 | 37.9 (22.5–63.9) | 32.7 (18.6–57.5) | 27.9 (14.8–52.4) | 26.8 (14.3–50.3) |
Diabetes | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 4.0 (0.3–64.5) | 4.2 (0.3–69.9) | 2.6 (1.0–72.3) | 2.4 (0.9–67.0) |
|  | 30–39 | 50.7 (6.4–403.4) | 27.8 (3.2–242.7) | 26.2 (1.9–365.8) | 19.9 (1.2–336.1) |
Metabolic syndrome | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 37.7 (4.8–298.2) | 20.7 (2.5–171.7) | 14.3 (1.6–128.4) | 17.3 (2.1–148.5) |
|  | 30–39 | 168.5 (22.8–1247.1) | 95.6 (12.3–741.5) | 62.9 (6.4–621.3) | 59.1 (6.2–568.1) |
Females | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smoking | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 1.0 | -- | -- | -- |
|  | 30–39 | 6.3 (5.5–7.1) | -- | -- | -- |
Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | -- | -- | -- |
|  | 30–39 | 11.3 (7.3–11.5) | -- | -- | -- |
Waist:hip ratio > 0.8 | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 3.1 (2.2–4.3) | -- | -- | -- |
|  | 30–39 | 17.2 (11.0–26.8) | -- | -- | -- |
Hypertension | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 4.8 (0.9–24.9) | 4.5 (0.9–23.7) | 3.1 (0.6–16.6) | 3.2 (0.6–16.7) |
|  | 30–39 | 64.0 (14.9–73.9) | 18.2 (4.1–82.9) | 10.3 (2.0–52.0) | 39.1 (7.9–192.7 |
LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 1.8 (0.9–3.5) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 1.9 (0.9–3.7) |
|  | 30–39 | 19.5 (11.0–34.4) | 18.2 (9.5–34.8) | 17.2 (8.1–36.7) | 19.5 (9.7–39.2) |
Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) |
|  | 30–39 | 10.0 (5.5–18.2) | 8.5 (4.3–16.6) | 7.0 (3.2–15.1) | 8.2 (4.0–16.8) |
HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–1.1) |
|  | 30–39 | 14.1 (7.5–26.7) | 11.9 (6.1–23.2) | 10.6 (5.2–21.8) | 15.8 (7.8–32.0) |
Total: HDL cholesterol > 4.5 | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) |
|  | 30–39 | 6.1 (4.5–8.2) | 5.9 (4.3–8.3) | 5.3 (3.7–7.6) | 5.8 (4.1–8.1) |
Diabetes | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 30–39 | 17.4 (1.9–156.5) | 17.0 (1.3–217.7) | 31.6 (0.6–1605.0) | 22.0 (1.0–474.5) |
Metabolic syndrome | 15–19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|  | 20–29 | 5.7 (0.6–55.3) | 5.2 (0.5–51.1) | 2.2 (0.2–23.4) | 3.0 (0.3–31.0) |
|  | 30–39 | 146.2 (19.9–1027.9) | 75.1 (9.7–583.9) | 19.7 (2.5–155.3) | 48.8 (6.3–378.9) |