Figure 5

Effects of L-norvaline on TNFα-induced activation of various signaling pathways. After pre-treatment of the cells with L-norvaline (Nor. 20 mmol/L), the cells were stimulated with TNFα (10 ng/ml, 15 min) as indicated. The extracts were subjected to immunoblotting to examine the activation of NF-κB by monitoring degradation and phosphorylation of IκB. The activation of JNK, p38mapk and S6K1 pathways were assessed by monitoring phosphorylation of their substrate c-jun, CREB and S6, respectively. Shown are representative blots from four independent experiments.