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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics of whole study population and divided into group A (CAC score < 10), group B (CAC score 10–99), group C (CAC score 100–399), group D (CAC score ≥ 400)

From: The role of coronary artery calcification score in clinical practice

 

All

A

B

C

D

N

598

304

135

89

70

Male*

338 (57%)

156 (51%)

80 (59%)

60 (67%)

42 (60%)

Age (years)*

55 ± 11

50 ± 11

56 ± 10

62 ± 10

63 ± 10

CAC score*

13 (0–158)

0 (0–1)

44 (24–65)

224 (148–295)

693 (511–1284)

Risk factors

     

   Hypertension*

231 (57%)

138 (45%)

74 (55%)

60 (67%)

55 (79%)

   Diabetes

47 (12%)

24 (8%)

20 (15%)

11 (12%)

8 (11%)

   Hypercholesterolemia*

164 (41%)

100 (33%)

61 (45%)

40 (45%)

41 (59%)

   Smoking

117 (29%)

109 (36%)

51 (38%)

39 (44%)

25 (36%)

   Family history of CVD

209 (52%)

159 (52%)

67 (50%)

39 (44%)

42 (60%)

10-year risk of CHD (%)*

6 (3–10)

4 (2–8)

6 (4–10)

10 (6–12)

8 (5–12)

CVD history

     

   Atrial fibrillation

25 (7%)

12 (4%)

2 (2%)

5 (6%)

6 (9%)

   Cerebrovascular disease

16 (4%)

13 (4%)

9 (7%)

6 (7%)

2 (3%)

   Other

36 (10%)

17 (6%)

12 (9%)

10 (11%)

9 (13%)

Ischemia test

531 (89%)

263 (87%)

122 (90%)

85 (96%)

61 (87%)

   Negative

362 (61%)

183 (60%)

87 (64%)

58 (65%)

34 (49%)

   Non-conclusive

95 (16%)

55 (18%)

18 (13%)

11 (12%)

11 (16%)

   Positive*

74 (12%)

25 (8%)

17 (13%)

16 (18%)

16 (23%)

CAG*

146 (24%)

26 (9%)

30 (22%)

30 (34%)

60 (86%)

  1. Values are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). CAC = coronary artery calcification, CAG = coronary angiography, CHD = coronary heart disease, CVD = cardiovascular disease. * Significant difference between groups, p < 0.05. Framingham Risk Score was used to determine 10-year risk of CHD. Other: cardiovascular history includes valvular diseases, arrhythmias, peripheral arterial disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, and pulmonary embolism.