Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Participants by Ankle Blood Pressure (ABP) and Exercise Blood Pressure (EBP) Group.
From: Ankle blood pressure as a predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality
Normal ABP Normal EBP | Elevated ABP and Normal EBP | Elevated ABP and Elevated EBP | Normal ABP and Elevated EBP | Unclassified | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 2203 | n = 791 | n = 509 | n = 222 | n = 133 | p | |
Age (years) | 47 (10) | 55 (9) | 54 (7) | 51 (9) | 59 (10) | 0.001* |
Male/female | 1419/820 | 447/358 | 435/87 | 205/21 | 105/30 | 0.001† |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4(4) | 26.8 (4) | 27.5 (4) | 26.9 (4) | 25.7 (4) | 0.001* |
Syst. BP (mmHg) | 124 (14) | 144 (17) | 152 (17) | 135 (16) | 137 (20) | 0.001* |
Diast. BP (mmHg) | 82 (9) | 90 (10) | 94 (10) | 85 (9) | 85 (11) | 0.001* |
Pulse/min | 73 (13) | 75 (13) | 75 (13) | 74 (13) | 75 (14) | 0.001* |
SBP80 (women) | 172 (20) | 192 (15) | 229 (11) | 233 (13) | - | 0.001* |
SBP150 (men) | 186 (18) | 199 (14) | 236 (16) | 231 (12) | - | 0.001* |
SBPMax | 193 | 203 | 240 | 236 | 178.3 | 0.001* |
Ankle blood pressure (mmHg) | 150 (17) | 194 (14) | 198 (18) | 157 (14) | 141 (37) | 0.001* |
ABI | 1.21 (0.38) | 1.31 (0.14) | 1.27 (0.17) | 1.16 (0.14) | 1.03 (0.27) | 0.001* |
ABI < 0.97 n (%) | 66 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 22 (1) | 39 (29) | 0.001† |
Self-reported abnormal total cholesterol n (%) | 925 (42) | 340 (43) | 234 (46) | 122 (55) | 74 (56) | 0.001† |
Self-reported abnormal glucose n (%) | 132 (6) | 95 (12) | 66 (13) | 27 (12) | 35 (26) | 0.001† |
Pos. family history n (%) | 793 (36) | 324 (41) | 188 (37) | 95 (43) | 69 (529 | 0.005† |
Pack-years of smoking | 9 (11) | 9 (12) | 13 (14) | 14 (13) | 20 (16) | 0.001* |
Current smokers n (%) | 308 (14) | 71 (9) | 71 (14) | 36 (16) | 51 (38) | 0.001† |
METs | 8.4 (3) | 6.6 (2) | 7.4 (2) | 7.9 (1.9) | 4.6 (1.5) | 0.001* |
Cardiovascular medication n (%) | 22 (1) | 285 (36) | 178 (35) | 33 (15) | 60 (45) | 0.001† |
Diagnosed ischemic heart disease n (%) | 88 (4) | 142 (18) | 46 (9) | 13 (6) | 72 (54) | 0.001† |
Deaths during follow-up n (%) | 88 (4) | 119 (15) | 56 (11) | 22 (10) | 60 (45) | 0.001† |
Cardiovascular deaths during follow-up n (%) | 20 (0.9) | 40 (5) | 20 (4) | 9 (4) | 23 (17) | 0.001† |