Skip to main content

Table 4 Synergistic effect of ACE I/D DD genotype and classical risk factors in CAD patients and controls

From: RAS gene polymorphisms, classical risk factors and the advent of coronary artery disease in the Portuguese population

Classical risk factor

ACE I/D DD

Whole population

Males

Females

≤ 45 subgroup

  

CAD

Control

OR(95%CI)

CAD

Control

OR(95%CI)

CAD

Control

OR(95%CI)

CAD

Control

OR(95%CI)

Hypertension

             

0

0

63

256

1

54

143

1

9

113

1

24

132

1

0

1

43

99

1.76(1.10–2.84)*

39

43

2.40(1.36–4.25)**

4

56

0.90(0.22–3.38)NS

11

55

1.10(0.47–2.55)NS

1

0

112

110

4.14(2.78–6.17)***

83

82

2.68(1.69–4.25)***

29

28

13.00(5.16–33.64)***

12

20

3.30(1.32–8.25)*

1

1

80

45

7.22(4.46–11,73)***

59

27

5.79(3.22–10.46)***

21

18

14.65(5.33–41.40)***

17

4

23.38(6.59–90.92)***

  

SI = 1.59; SIM = 0.99; RERI = 2.32;

AP = 0.32

SI = 1.56; SIM = 0.90; RERI = 1.71;

AP = 0.30

SI = 1.15; SIM = 1.25; RERI = 1.75;

AP = 0.12

SI = 9.32; SIM = 6.44; RERI = 19.98;

AP = 0.85

Smoking

             

0

0

112

269

1

76

153

1

36

116

1

11

106

1

0

1

70

104

1.62(1.09–2.39)*

48

47

2.06(1.23–3.45)*

22

57

1.24(0.64–2.41)NS

9

37

2.34(0.81–6.72)NS

1

0

63

97

1.56(1.04–2.34)*

61

72

1.71(1.07–2.71)*

2

25

0.26(0.04–1.21)NS

25

46

5.24(2.24–12.46)***

1

1

53

40

3.18(1.95–5.21)***

50

23

4.38(2.40–8.02)***

3

17

0.57(0.12–2.23)NS

19

22

8.32(3.21–21.96)***

  

SI = 1.85; SIM = 1.26; RERI = 1.00;

AP = 0.31

SI = 1.91; SIM = 1.24; RERI = 1.61;

AP = 0.37

SI = 0.86; SIM = 1.77; RERI = 0.07;

AP = 0.13

SI = 1.31; SIM = 0.68; RERI = 1.74;

AP = 0.21

Obesity

             

0

0

126

295

1

99

180

1

27

115

1

30

135

1

0

1

88

122

1.69(1.18–2.42)**

72

59

2.22(1.42–3.46)**

16

63

1.08(0.51–2.27)NS

22

55

1.80(0.91–3.55)NS

1

0

49

71

1.62(1.04–2.51)*

38

45

1.54(0.91–2.60)NS

11

26

1.80(0.73–4.39)NS

6

17

1.59(0.51–4.77)NS

1

1

35

22

3.72(2.03–6.87)***

26

11

4.30(1.93–9.71)***

9

11

3.48(1.18–10.24)*

6

4

6.75(1.56–30.78)*

  

SI = 2.07; SIM = 1.36; RERI = 1.41;

AP = 0.38

SI = 1.88; SIM = 1.26; RERI = 1.54;

AP = 0.36

SI = 2.82; SIM = 1.79; RERI = 1.60;

AP = 0.46

SI = 4.13; SIM = 2.36; RERI = 4.36;

AP = 0.65

Diabetes

             

0

0

123

342

1

101

208

1

22

134

1

31

151

1

0

1

89

134

1.85(1.30–2.63)**

75

61

2.53(1.64–3.91)***

14

73

1.17(0.53–2.56)NS

25

59

2.06(1.08–3.95)*

1

0

52

24

6.02(3.46–10.55)***

36

17

4.36(2.25–8.54)***

16

7

13.92(4.69–42.75)***

5

1

24.35(2.61–570.81)**

1

1

34

10

9.45(4.33–21.12)***

23

9

5.26(2.22–12.78)***

11

1

67.00(8.19–1458.07)***

3

0

--

  

SI = 1.44; SIM = 0.85; RERI = 2.58;

AP = 0.27

SI = 0.87; SIM = 0.47; RERI = -0.63;

AP = -0.12

SI = 5.04; SIM = 4.11; RERI = 52.91;

AP = 0.79

--

  

Dyslipidaemia

             

0

0

52

327

1

47

197

1

5

130

1

16

144

1

0

1

35

123

1.79(1.08–2.96)*

31

57

2.28(1.28–4.05)**

4

66

1.58(0.34–7.05)NS

6

58

0.93(0.31–2.70)NS

1

0

123

39

19.83(12.16–32.47)***

90

28

13.47(7.68–23.77)***

33

11

78.00(22.86–287.79)***

20

8

22.50(7.80–67.21)***

1

1

88

21

26.35(14.58–48.04)***

67

13

21.60(10.54–45.02)***

21

8

68.25(18.00–282.98)***

22

1

198.00(25.16–4210.95)***

  

SI = 1.29; SIM = 0.74; RERI = 5.73;

AP = 0.22

SI = 1.50; SIM = 0.70; RERI = 6.85;

AP = 0.32

SI = 0.87; SIM = 0.55; RERI = -10.33;

AP = -0.15

SI = 9.19; SIM = 9.46; RERI = 175.57;

AP = 0.89

  1. SI, Rothman's synergy index for interaction; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction; AP, proportion of disease attributable to interaction; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0001, NS not significant P > 0.05.