Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics by CAC status: mean ± SD or percentage
Characteristics | CAC = 0 (N = 1250) | CAC > 0 (N = 1466) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 48.8 ± 10.6 | 60.4 ± 11.9 | <0.0001 |
Females, % | 71.4 | 51.3 | <0.0001 |
African Americans, % | 19.4 | 15.5 | 0.33 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.5 ± 6.1 | 30.2 ± 6.2 | <0.0001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 94.7 ± 16.1 | 102.9 ± 15.9 | <0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 115.6 ± 18.0 | 127.0 ± 21.4 | <0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 69.3 ± 10.2 | 72.3 ± 10.4 | <0.0001 |
Hypertension, % | 31.3 | 57.6 | <0.0001 |
Diabetes, % | 6.9 | 15.4 | <0.0001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 52.2 ± 14.8 | 48.9 ± 14.3 | <0.0001 |
Triglycerides*, mg/dL | 124.4 ± 84.8 | 145.6 ± 93.0 | <0.0001 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 112.1 ± 32.7 | 113.7 ± 33.9 | 0.18 |
CRP*, mg/L | 3.87 ± 6.02 | 4.37 ± 6.69 | <0.0001 |
sICAM-1*†, ng/ml | 237 ± 68 | 255 ± 85 | <0.0001 |
MCP-1*, pg/ml | 172.1 ± 56.1 | 198.9 ± 64.3 | <0.0001 |
Pack-years of smoking*‡ | 14.8 ± 16.8 | 26.5 ± 25.1 | <0.0001 |
Smoking status | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
   Current smoker, % | 9.9 | 13.2 |  |
   Former smoker, % | 22.3 | 34.3 |  |
   Never smoker, % | 67.8 | 52.5 |  |
Current alcohol consumption, % | 50.9 | 51.0 | 0.29 |
Hormone replacement therapy§, % | 23.4 | 26.1 | 0.03 |
Aspirin use, % | 23.3 | 38.5 | 0.08 |
Cholesterol lowing medications, % | 8.9 | 26.4 | <0.0001 |
Hours of TV watched/day | 2.40 ± 1.74 | 2.95 ± 2.06 | 0.0003 |
Physical activity index*, met-min/week | 755.7 ± 1107.6 | 657.6 ± 992.9 | 0.008 |
CAC (mean) | 0 | 282.4 ± 655.2 | - |
CAC [median (IQR)] | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 48.5 (3.5–256.5) | - |