Table 2 Cardiac structure and function parameters according to number of features of metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age and gender.
Number of features of the metabolic syndrome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4–5 | p (trend) | |
n = 94 | n = 229 | n = 226 | n = 79 | n = 56 | ||
Adjusted prevalence (95%CI) | ||||||
Stage C of heart failure | 2.4 (0.6–9.2) | 4.0 (2.2–7.3) | 4.7 (2.7–8.3) | 8.1 (4.0–15.7) | 10.5 (5.1–20.5) | 0.007 |
LVSD | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 2.7 (1.3–5.6) | 3.0 (1.5–6.0) | 2.7 (0.8–8.5) | 7.1 (2.9–16.6) | 0.02 |
Diastolic dysfunction | 20.8 (13.4–30.6) | 23.9 (18.7–30.1) | 25.7 (20.3–32.0) | 30.2 (20.9–41.6) | 36.0 (24.1–49.9) | 0.03 |
Coronary heart disease | 3.6 (1.2–10.6) | 6.5 (4.0–10.5) | 8.1 (5.2–12.4) | 10.0 (5.2–18.6) | 18.4 (10.3–30.7) | 0.002 |
Adjusted mean (95%CI) | ||||||
LV diameter/height (mm/m) | 29.4 (28.8–30.0) | 29.7 (29.3–30.1) | 29.9 (29.5–30.3) | 29.9 (29.2–30.6) | 30.9 (30.1–31.6) | 0.008 |
LV mass/height (g/m) | 100.1 (93.5–106.8) | 109.0 (104.8–113.3) | 113.8 (109.7–118.0) | 120.0 (112.8–127.2) | 129.9 (121.3–138.5) | < 0.001 |
LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7) | 45.9 (42.8–49.1) | 49.7 (47.7–51.7) | 52.1 (50.1–54.1) | 54.5 (51.1–58.0) | 59.4 (55.3–63.4) | < 0.001 |
LV mass/FFM (g/kg) | 3.66 (3.44–3.89) | 3.92 (3.78–4.07) | 3.97 (3.82–4.11) | 4.08 (3.83–4.33) | 4.39 (4.09–4.68) | < 0.001 |
Posterior wall/height (mm/m) | 5.3 (5.2–5.5) | 5.5 (5.4–5.6) | 5.6 (5.5–5.7) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 5.8 (5.6–6.1) | < 0.001 |
Interventricular septum/height (mm/m) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 6.1 (5.9–6.2) | 6.2 (6.1–6.4) | 6.4 (6.2–6.6) | 6.6 (6.4–6.9) | < 0.001 |
Relative wall thickness | 0.37 (0.35–0.38) | 0.38 (0.37–0.38) | 0.38 (0.37–0.39) | 0.39 (0.37–0.40) | 0.38 (0.36–0.40) | 0.05 |
Left atrium/height (mm/m) | 22.0 (21.4–22.6) | 22.3 (22.0–22.7) | 23.5 (23.1–23.8) | 23.5 (22.9–24.1) | 24.1 (23.4–24.8) | < 0.001 |
E wave/A wave (peak velocity) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | < 0.001 |