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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects (N = 413)

From: Smoking status and common carotid artery intima-medial thickness among middle-aged men and women based on ultrasound measurement: a cohort study

Variables

Men (n = 231)

Women (n = 182)

p for differencea

 

No. (%) of subjects

  

Ethnicity

  

.12

   Hispanic

65 (38.1)

48 (26.4)

 

   Non-Hispanic white

135 (58.5)

99 (54.4)

 

   Black

11 (4.8)

15 (8.2)

 

   Asian

10 (4.3)

18 (9.9)

 

   Other

10 (4.3)

2 (1.1)

 

Smoking status

  

.005

   Current smokers

76 (32.9)

39 (21.4)

 

   Former smokers

67 (29.0)

50 (27.4)

 

   Never smokers

88 (38.1)

93 (51.2)

 
 

Mean ± SD

  

Age (yr)

49.3 ± 4.5

51.9 ± 4.5

<.0001

Body height (m)

1.76 ± .07

1.61 ± .07

<.0001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29.0 ± 4.9

28.0 ± 6.3

.002

Mean IMTb(μm)

708.8 ± 96.3

682.1 ± 88.0

<.0001

Echogenic layer

364.4 ± 98.1

331.0 ± 67.8

<0.0001

Echogenic layer (% IMT)

44.5 ± 7.4

42.6 ± 7.1

0.0093

Echolucent layer

362.9 ± 83.9

367.9 ± 91.5

0.78

Echolucent layer (% IMT)

50.0 ± 9.3

52.3 ± 9.4

0.01

  1. a p values for categorical variables were based on x2 analysis; p values for continuous variables were based on ANOVA.
  2. b IMT, carotid artery intima-media thickness