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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Effective dosing of L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Sample size (n)

AMI index event type

Loading dose of L-carnitine

Oral maintenance dose of L-carnitine

Outcomes

Risk of Bias

L-carnitine treated

Control

Davini 1992

81

79

AMI

None

4 g/day

Death

Iliceto 1995

233

239

AMI

9 g/day × 5 days (intravenous)

6 g/day

Death, bypass surgery, heart failure, early postinfarction angina, ventricular arrhythmia

Singh 1996

51

50

100% STEMI

None

2 g/day

Death, heart failure, unstable angina, reinfarction

Iyer 1999

23

23

Anterior AMI

6 g/day × 7 days (oral)

3 g/day

Death

Tarantini 2006

1168

1161

100% STEMI

9 g/day × 5 days (intravenous)

4 g/day

Death

  1. Risk of bias assessment based on (i) sequence generation of allocation, (ii) allocation concealment, and (iii) blinding. The symbol represents low bias risk, represents high bias risk, and represents unclear bias risk.
  2. Abbreviations: AMI acute myocardial infarction, STEMI ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.