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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics (N = 110)

From: Effects of weight management by exercise modes on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic profile among women with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial

 

n (%) or mean (SD)

F/χ2/Fisher's

P*

 

Total (n = 110)

Aerobic (n = 50)

Resistance (n = 30)

Combination (n = 30)

  

Sociodemographic characteristics

     

 Age, years

43.1 (9.0)

42.2 (9.5)

46.0 (10.0)

41.8 (6.6)

2.16

.120

 Married, yes

90 (81.8)

37 (74.0)

29 (97.6)

24 (80.0)

6.57

.037

 Education

    

0.78

.678

  Some college or more

66 (60.0)

31 (62.0)

16 (53.3)

19 (63.3)

  

  High school degree or less

44 (40.0)

19 (38.0)

14 (46.7)

11 (36.7)

  

 Monthly household income ($)

    

1.37

.503

  <=3,500

61 (55.5)

30 (60.0)

14 (46.7)

17 (56.7)

  

  > 3,500

49 (44.5)

20 (40.0)

16 (53.3)

13 (43.3)

  

 Employed, yes

43 (39.1)

19 (38.0)

11 (36.7)

13 (43.3)

0.33

.850

Health-related characteristics

      

 Obesity-related conditions, yes

27 (24.5)

15 (30.0)

8 (26.7)

4 (13.3)

2.91

.233

 Post-menopause, yes

32 (29.1)

15 (30.0)

12 (40.0)

5 (16.7)

4.00

.136

 Current smoking, yes

6 (5.5)

2 (4.0)

1 (3.3)

3 (10.0)

1.57

.556

 Alcohol drinking (twice or more/week), yes

9 (8.2)

4 (8.0)

2 (6.7)

3 (10.0)

0.36

1.000

 Anti-hypertensive medication, yes

11 (10.0)

7 (14.0)

4 (13.3)

0 (0.0)

5.22

.101

 Lipid-lowering medication, yes

7 (6.4)

0 (0.0)

5 (16.7)

2 (6.7)

8.74

.007

Markers of subclinical atherosclerosis

     

 FMD, %

10.76 (3.457)

11.10 (3.263)

9.94 (3.477)

11.08 (3.723)

1.18

.310

 PWV, m/sec

7.86 (1.356)

7.77 (1.615)

7.89 (1.210)

7.99 (1.005)

0.24

.784

 IMT, mm

0.67 (0.128)

0.68 (0.118)

0.68 (0.131)

0.66 (0.142)

0.32

.724

Anthropometric profile

      

 Body weight, kg

72.4 (10.55)

72.3 (9.94)

70.8 (10.25)

74.2 (11.86)

0.77

.467

 Body mass index, kg/m2

28.5 (0.36)

28.5 (0.54)

27.9 (0.58)

29.1 (0.79)

0.79

.456

 Lean body mass, kg

46.0 (4.76)

46.0 (4.69)

45.5 (5.11)

46.4 (4.63)

0.25

.776

Cardiometabolic profile

      

 Waist circumference, cm

94.8 (7.80)

94.4 (7.00)

93.8 (7.25)

96.4 (9.46)

0.93

.397

 Systolic BP, mmHg

116.5 (13.08)

116.6 (12.97)

117.4 (10.38)

115.6 (15.78)

0.15

.859

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL

212.1 (39.74)

214.8 (37.51)

204.5 (45.99)

215.2 (36.81)

0.75

.476

 LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

129.1 (36.39)

130.3 (32.46)

120.2 (42.98)

135.9 (34.75)

1.47

.235

 HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

53.1 (12.61)

53.0 (12.59)

51.6 (15.14)

54.6 (9.78)

0.44

.642

 Triglycerides, mg/dL

131.2 (98.40, 73.50)

147.1 (97.10, 205.65)

136.5 (105.05, 177.15)

122.3 (96.13, 146.93)

2.16

.120

 Fasting glucose, mg/dL

89.6 (14.45)

90.1 (16.72)

93.6 (14.50)

84.9 (8.05)

2.89

.060

Dietary intake a

      

 Total energy (kcal/day)

1538.2 (446.01)

1498.9 (441.99)

1552.3 (360.01)

1585.8 (525.19)

0.33

.717

 Carbohydrates (g/day)

218.5 (64.91)

217.5 (74.77)

216.8 (40.41)

221.6 (68.26)

0.05

.956

 Protein (g/day)

65.4 (25.62)

61.9 (18.10)

66.6 (23.40)

69.6 (35.68)

0.82

.445

 Lipid (g/day)

45.6 (18.23)

43.3 (17.53)

46.4 (15.78)

48.4 (21.27)

0.68

.508

Cardiorespiratory fitness

      

 VO2max, mL/kg/min

31.1 (6.24)

31.3 (5.80)

30.6 (6.16)

31.3 (7.15)

0.16

.849

  1. BP = blood pressure; FMD = flow mediated dilation; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; PWV = pulse wave velocity; IMT = intima media thickness; SD = standard deviation; VO2max = maximal oxygen consumption; Obesity-related conditions include hypertension and dyslipidemia.
  2. *P-values from one-way ANOVA, chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate aAnalyzed with the sample size (N = 96).
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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