Table 1 Features of participating trials
Authors and trial name | Trial type and location | Objective | Year | N T/C | Study population | LDL-C at follow up | LDL-C reducing percentage | Treatments | Follow up | Main Results or Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Okazaki S [14];ESTABLISH | RCT: prospective, open-label, randomized, single center study. Japan | Effects of statins on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2004 | 24/24 | ACS | 70/119 | -44/-0.004 | Ato 20 vs Diet | 6 | Plaque volume was sigificantly reduced in the Ato group compared with the control group. |
Nissen SE [13]; REVERSAL | RCT: Double-blind, randomized active control multicenter trial; USA | Effects of statins (intensive or moderate) on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2004 | 253/249 | CAD | 79/110 | -46/-25 | Ato 80 vs Pra40 | 18 | Ato reduced progression of coronary plaque compared with Pra. Compared with baseline values, Ato had no change in atheroma burden, whereas patients treated with Pra showed progression of coronary plaque. |
Tardif JC [21]; A-PLUS | RCT: international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Canada, USA | Effects of different dosage of avasimibe on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2004 | 108/98/ 117/109 | CAD | 100/102/ 101/91 | 7.8/9.1/ 10.9/1.7 | Ava50, 250, and 750 vs Placebo on the basis of LDL-C<125 | 18 | Avasimibe did not favorably alter coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by IVUS. |
Jensen LO [39] | Open non placebo controlled serial investigation; blinded end-points. Denmark | To investigate the effect of lipid lowering by simvastatin on coronary atherosclerotic plaque volumes and lumen. | 2004 | 40 | CAD | 85 | -46.3 | Sim 40 | 15 | Lipid-lowering therapy with Sim is associated with a significant plaque regression in coronary arteries. |
Yokoyama M [15] | RCT: randomized, single center. Japan | Effects of statins on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2005 | 29/30 | Stable angina | 87/124 | -35/-0.075 | Ato 10 vs Diet | 6 | Treatment with Ato may reduce volumes of coronary plaques. |
Kawasaki M [16] | RCT: randomization, open-label, single-center study. Japan | Effects of statins on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2005 | 17/18/17 | Stable angina | 95/102/149 | -39/-32/-0.02 | Ato 20, Pra 20 vs Diet | 6 | Treatment with Ato and Pra may not significantly reduce volumes of coronary plaques. |
Tani S [33] | RCT: a prospective, single-center, randomized, open trial. Japan | Investigated the effects of pravastatin on the serum levels of MDA-LDL and coronary atherosclerosis. | 2005 | 52/23 | Stable angina | 104/120 | -20/-2.4 | Pra 10-20 vs con | 6 | Plaque volume was sigificantly reduced in the Pra group compared with the control group. |
Nissen SE [22]; ACTIVATE | RCT: randomized, multicenter. USA | Effects of pactimibe on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2006 | 206/202 | CAD | 91/86 | -9.6/-14.9 | Pac100 vs Placebo | 18 | Pac is not an effective strategy for limiting atherosclerosis and may promote atherogenesis. |
Nissen SE [37]; ASTEROID | Prospective, open-label blinded end-points. USA, Germany, France, Canada | Effects of Statins with different levels of LDL-C on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2006 | 349 | CAD | 61 | -53.2 | Ros 40 | 24 | Therapy using Ros can result in significant regression of atherosclerosis. |
Yamada T [26]; REACH | RCT: open-labeled, randomized, multicenter study. Japan | Evaluate the effect of marked reduction of LDL-C in patients with CHD on progression of atherosclerosis. | 2007 | 26/32 | Stable angina | 83/115 | -43/0 | Ato 5 vs Con | 12 | Ato treatment prevented the further progression of atherosclerosis by maintaining LDL-C below 100 mg/dl in patients with CHD. |
Nissen SE [23]; ILLUSTRATE | RCT: prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. North America or Europe | Effects of CETP inhibitor on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2007 | 446/464 | CAD | 87/70 | 6.6/-13.3 | Ato10-80 vs Ato+Tor 60 on the basis of LDL-C≤100 by Ato | 24 | The Tor was associated with a substantial increase in HDL-C and decrease in LDL–C, and there was no significant decrease in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. |
Nissen SE [36]; PERISCOPE | RCT: prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. USA | To compare the effects of pioglitazone, and glimepiride on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabete and CAD | 2008 | 181/179 | CAD, DM | 96.1/95.6 | 1.8/2.2 | Gli1-4 mg vs Pio 15-45 mg on bases of statins therapy | 18 | In patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD, treatment with Pio resulted in a significantly lower rate of progression of coronary atherosclerosis compared with Gli. |
Nissen SE [35]; STRADIVARIUS | RCT: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2-group, parallel-group trial. North America, Europe, and Australia | The effect of rimonabant on regression of coronary disease in patients with the metabolic syndrome and CAD | 2008 | 335/341 | CAD,Obesity | 87.6/86.3 | -4.7/-3.6 | Rim 20 mg vs Placebo on bases of statins therapy | 18 | Rim can reduce progression of coronary plaque, and increase HDL-C levels, decrease triglyceride levels. |
Hiro T [12]; JAPAN-ACS | RCT: prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel group, multicenter. Japan | Effects of statins on changes in plaque by IVUS | 2009 | 127/125 | ACS | 84/81 | -36/-36 | Ato 20 vs Pit 4 | 10 | The administration of Pit or Ato in patients with ACS equivalently resulted in significant regression of coronary plaque volume. |
Takayama T; COSMOS [40] | Prospective, open-label blinded end-points multicenter trial. Japan | Evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on plaque volume in patients with stable CAD, including those receiving prior lipid-lowering therapy | 2009 | 126 | Stable angina | 83 | -38.6 | Ros <20 | 14 | Ros exerted significant regression of coronary plaque volume in Japanese patients with stable CAD. |
Rodés-Cabau; ERASE [34] | RCT: multicenter randomized placebo-controlled. Canada | Evaluate the early effects of newly initiated statin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis as evaluated by IVUS. | 2009 | 38/36 | ACS | 77/63 | 8.5/-37 | Before ACS vs After ACS | <2 | Newly initiated statin therapy is associated with rapid regression of coronary atherosclerosis. |
Nasu K [41] | Prospective and multicenter study with nonrandomized and non-blinded design, but blinded end. Japan | Evaluate the effect of treatment with statins on the progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques of a nonculprit vessel by serial IVUS. | 2009 | 40/39 | Stable angina | 98.1/121 | -32.3/-1.1 | Flu 60 vs Con | 12 | One-year lipid-lowering therapy by Flu showed significant regression of plaque volume. |
Hong MK [27] | RCT: randomized control trial. Korea. | Evaluated the effects of statin treatments for each component of coronary plaques. | 2009 | 50/50 | Stable angina | 78/64 | -34.5/-44.8 | Sim 20 vs Ros 10 | 12 | Statin treatments might be associated with significant changes in necrotic core and fibrofatty plaque volume. |
Nicholls SJ; SATURN [28] | RCT: a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. USA | Compare the effect of these two intensive statin regimens on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. | 2011 | 519/520 | CHD | 70.2/62.6 | -41.5/-47.8 | Ato 80 vs Ros 40 | 24 | Maximal doses of Ros and Ato resulted in significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis. |
Lee CW [29]; ARTMAP | RCT: a prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized comparison trial. Korea. | Compared the effects of atorvastatin 20 mg/day versus rosuvastatin 10 mg/day on mild coronary atherosclerotic plaques. | 2012 | 143/128 | Stable angina | 56/53 | -47/-49 | Ato 20 vs Ros 10 | 6 | Usual doses of Ato and Ros induced significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis in statin-naive patients. |