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Table 1 Patient factors

From: Routine angiography in survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest with return of spontaneous circulation: a single site registry

Demographics

Number

Percentage

Total out of hospital cardiac arrests

78

Ā 

ā€ƒMales (mean age 61.5Ā yrs, range 18ā€“84, SD Ā± 14.9)

63

80.8%

ā€ƒFemale (mean age 63.4Ā yrs, range 34ā€“91, SD Ā± 16.9)

15

19.2%

ā€ƒTotal number of patients with AMI

51

65.4%

ā€ƒā€ƒSTEMI subgroup

31

39.7%

ā€ƒā€ƒNSTEMI subgroup

20

25.6%

Transfers from peripheral hospitals

46

59.0%

Direct presentations to TPCH

32

41.0%

All coronary angiograms during the same period

6072

Ā 

ā€ƒMale

4048

66.6%

ā€ƒ- Mean age (in years)

63.0

Ā 

ā€ƒFemale

2024

33.3%

ā€ƒ- Mean age (in years)

64.8

Ā 

All STEMI patientsa

512

Ā 

ā€ƒMale

389

76.0%

ā€ƒ- Mean age (years)

59.0

Ā 

ā€ƒFemale

123

24.0%

ā€ƒ- Mean age (years)

64.2

Ā 

Mean body mass index (BMI) kg/m2 (Range 18.8ā€“55.6, SD Ā± 5.5)

28.5

Ā 

Aboriginal or Torres Strait Island origin

1

1.3%

Risk factors

Ā Ā 

Hypertension

39/77

50.6%

Hyperlipidaemia

28/67

41.8%

Diabetes

13/77

16.9%

Current smoker

22/62

35.5%

Any history of smoking

47/59

79.7%

Known history of ischaemic heart disease

20/76

26.3%

History of previous myocardial infarction

17/76

22.4%

Documentation of illicit drug use at time of cardiac arrest

3/75

4.0%

History of cardiomyopathy

8/77

10.4%

Family history of ischaemic heart disease

23/41

56.1%

Renal failure (GFR <60Ā ml/min)

34/78

43.6%

Events immediately following cardiac arrest

Ā Ā 

Chest pain prior to event

25/75

33.3%

Treatment (at the scene): CPR

71/77

92.2%

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒĀ DCCV

69/78

88.5%

Median time (in min) to ROSC (nā€‰=ā€‰67), IQR 10.0ā€“27.5

15.0

Ā 

Patients with initial treatment at a peripheral hospital

46/78

59.0%

Thrombolysis in ambulance (of the 30 STEMI patients)

2/78

2.2%

Initial rhythm by ambulance

Ventricular fibrillation

59/78

75.6%

Ventricular tachycardia

6/78

7.7%

Asystole

4/78

5.1%

Pulseless electrical activity

4/78

5.1%

Bradycardia

4/78

5.1%

Sinus rhythm

1/78

1.3%

Unknown

0/78

0.0%

Ambulance ECG after ROSC

Unclear

4/60

6.7%

Atrial fibrillation

6/60

10.0%

Idioventricular rhythm

2/60

3.3%

Junctional rhythm

4/60

6.7%

Sinus rhythm

43/60

71.7%

Ventricular tachycardia (unavailable and undocumented in 18 patients)

1/60

1.7%

GCS

GCS 3 on arrival of paramedics at the scene

62/77b

80.5%

Brought to hospital intubated or GCS 3

62/78

79.5%

Characteristics in the emergency department

Ā Ā 

Congestive heart failure

11/78

11.8%

Abnormal left ventricular (LV) functionc

52/72

72.2%

Cardiogenic shock

34/78

43.6%

Requirement for inotropes

35/78

44.9%

Intubation at any time during the first 24Ā hours

67/78d

85.9%

Insertion of balloon pump

22/78

28.2%

First ECG in hospital

Ā Ā 

Rhythm:

Sinus rhythm

66/78

84.6%

Atrial fibrillation

6/78

7.7%

Ventricular tachycardia

3/78

3.8%

Ventricular fibrillation

0/78

0.0%

Pulseless electrical activity

1/78

1.3%

Junctional rhythm

2/78

2.6%

Specific ECG changes (ST elevation or depression)

43/78

55.1%

Any ST segment changes (including non-specific)

63/78

80.8%

Normal ECG

15/78

19.2%

QRS duration >120Ā ms

15/78

19.2%

Myocardial territories identified on ECGe

Anterior

21/43

48.8%

Inferior

7/43

16.3%

Lateral

5/43

11.6%

Antero-lateral

6/43

14.0%

Infero-lateral

4/43

9.3%

Initial treatment in ami patient subgroup

Ā Ā 

Heparin or Enoxaparin

48/51

94.1%

ā€ƒHeparin

42/51

82.4%

ā€ƒEnoxaparin

6/51

11.8%

Aspirin

49/51

96.1%

Clopidogrel

40/51

78.4%

Glycoprotein IIb IIIA receptor blocker

9/51

17.6%

Thrombolysis (by ambulance or hospital)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAs a proportion of all AMI patients

10/51

19.6%

ā€ƒFor patients with ST elevation on ECG

10/32

31.3%

Timing of coronary angiogram

Ā Ā 

Emergent angiogram in entire group

34/78

43.6%

Emergent angiogram in TPCH presentations

22/32

68.8%

Emergent angiogram in peripheral hospital presentations

12/46

26.1%

  1. The denominator is the number of patients with data available.
  2. aRefers to all STEMI patients admitted to TPCH during the study period.
  3. bOne patient was driven to the hospital in a private vehicle.
  4. cInitial left ventricular (LV) function estimated by transthoracic echocardiogram, transoesophageal echocardiogram (1 patient) or left ventriculogram during coronary angiogram. Abnormal LV function was recorded if the LV ejection fraction was less than 50% or was recorded as ā€œreducedā€. The mean LV function was 37.5%, SD Ā± 17.9%).
  5. d42 of these were intubated at the scene by paramedics.
  6. eIn those patient who had specific ECG changes.