Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population and control subjects

From: Worsened arterial stiffness in high-risk cardiovascular patients with high habitual carbohydrate intake: a cross-sectional vascular function study

 

Study population(n = 364)

Control (n = 93)

P-value

Characteristics

Mean (± SD)

Mean (± SD)

 

Age (years)

66.2 ± 10.2

65.3 ± 7.1

0.417

Male, n (%)

233 (64%)

49 (53%)

0.056

BMI (kg/m2)

24.99 ± 3.30

23.80 ± 3.40

0.002*

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.93 ± 0.06

0.91 ± 0.08

<0.001*

Ischemic stroke, n (%)

49 (13.46)

----

<0.001*

Coronary artery disease, n (%)

224 (61.54)

----

<0.001*

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

200 (54.95)

----

<0.001*

Hypertension, n (%)

232 (63.74)

22 (23.66)

<0.001*

Hyperlipidaemia, n (%)

232 (63.74)

30 (32.26)

<0.001*

Smokers, n (%)

165 (45.33)

14 (15.05)

<0.001*

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

141.00 ± 19.85

127.82 ± 18.04

<0.001*

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.16 ± 9.19

75.06 ± 9.32

<0.001*

Total serum cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.50 ± 0.89

5.12 ± 0.83

<0.001*

Serum HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.28 ± 0.34

1.48 ± 0.40

<0.001*

Serum LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.56 ± 0.72

3.05 ± 0.76

<0.001*

Serum triacylglycerol (mmol/L)

1.49 ± 0.97

1.34 ± 0.74

0.167

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

6.36 ± 2.07

5.16 ± 0.60

<0.001*

HbA1c (%)

7.05 ± 1.48

6.63 ± 5.33

0.192

Medications

   

Beta-blocker, n (%)

184 (50.55)

6 (6.5)

<0.001*

ACEI/ARB, n (%)

36 (9.9)

-----

<0.001*

Statin, n (%)

226 (62.09)

3 (3.2)

<0.001*

PWV (cm/s)

1102.17 ± 144.54

1079.48 ± 135.09

0.172

  1. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; PWV, pulse wave velocity.; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  2. *p-value <0.05.