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Figure 1 | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Figure 1

From: Endurance training or beta-blockade can partially block the energy metabolism remodeling taking place in experimental chronic left ventricle volume overload

Figure 1

Evolution of LV remodeling as evaluated by echocardiography in experimental volume overload from severe aortic valve regurgitation in Wistar rats. LV dimensions, ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and ratio of early transmitral velocity to tissue Doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Ea ratio) were evaluated throughout the course of the protocol as assessed by echocardiography in sham-operated animals (sham: white circles or bars) and AR rats (AR: black circles or bars) at the beginning of the protocol, after 90, 180 and 270 days. Body weight was also recorded at the time of echocardiography. Left ventricular wet tissue weight was evaluated at sacrifice. End-diastolic pressures (EDP) were evaluated by direct LV catheterization prior euthanasia. LV weight, EDD: end-diastolic diameter, ESD: end-systolic diameter, Septum: septal wall thickness. Results are reported in as mean ± SEM (n = 10–15 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 between sham and AR groups.

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