Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy

From: Prevalence, associated factors and management implications of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a two-year, two-center experience

 

Total (n = 32)

No LVOT obstruction (n = 26)

LVOT obstruction (n = 6)

P-value

Age (years), mean ± SD

66 ± 15

64 ± 15

77 ± 7

0.047*

Female, n (%)

30 (93.8)

24 (92.3)

6 (100)

1.000

Risk factors, n (%)

    

 Hypertension

18 (56.2)

13 (50.0)

5 (83.3)

0.196

 Hypercholesterolemia

8 (25.0)

5 (19.2)

3 (50.0)

0.296

 Diabetes mellitus

3 (9.4)

2 (7.7)

1 (16.7)

1.000

Trigger, n (%)

    

 Physical stress

13 (59.1)

12 (46.2)

1 (16.7)

0.387

 Emotional stress

9 (40.9)

8 (30.8)

1 (16.7)

0.850

Presenting symptom, n (%)

    

 Chest pain

17 (53.1)

15 (57.7)

2 (33.3)

0.383

 Respiratory distress

8 (25.0)

7 (26.9)

1 (16.7)

1.000

 Cardiogenic shock

5 (15.6)

2 (7.7)

3 (50.0)

0.034*

 VT/VF

2 (6.2)

2 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

1.000

ECG, n (%) or mean ± SD

    

 ST-elevation

17 (53.1)

13 (50.0)

4 (66.7)

0.659

 ST-depression/negT

14 (43.8)

12 (46.2)

2 (33.3)

0.672

 QRS (ms)

97 ± 10

98 ± 10

92 ± 7

0.179

 QTc (ms)

421 ± 30

418 ± 27

435 ± 43

0.223

TnT (ng/mL), mean ± SD

0.93 ± 0.90

0.99 ± 0.96

0.68 ± 0.50

0.462

TTE, n (%) or mean ± SD

    

 LVEF (%)#

40.5 ± 10.3

41.1 ± 11.0

38.0 ± 5.8

0.512

 IVS (mm)

10.8 ± 1.7

10.5 ± 1.4

12.0 ± 2.1

0.044*

 Septal bulge

12 (37.5)

7 (26.9)

5 (83.3)

0.018*

 SAM

6 (18.8)

0 (0.0)

6 (100)

< 0.001*

 MR grade

1.25 ± 0.73

1.0 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 0.7

< 0.001*

Therapeutic options, n (%)

    

 Inotropics i.v.

9 (28.1)

7 (26.9)

2 (33.3)

1.000

 Beta-blocker i.v.

2 (6.2)

0 (0.0)

2 (33.3)

0.030*

 IABP

9 (28.1)

7 (26.9)

2 (33.3)

1.000

Recuperation, mean ± SD

    

 LVEF ≥55% (days)

19 ± 12

18 ± 11

23 ± 16

0.479

  1. Continuous variables are reported as means ± SD.; categorical variables are reported as absolute values and percentages. Continuous and categorical variables were compared by use of (un)paired t test, χ2 test and Fisher test, as appropriate. Abbreviations: VT/VF ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, TnT troponin T, TTE transthoracic echocardiography, LVEFleft ventricular ejection fraction, IVS interventricular septum thickness, SAM, systolic anterior motion, MR, mitral regurgitation, IABP intraaortic balloon pump. #LVEF as calculated on LV angiogram (and confirmed on transthoracic echocardiography).
  2. *P-value < 0.05.